
Oass 
Book 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSiT 




m 



'■S 



UIPB 



TO AND THROUGH 




THE 



Land of Flow^ers 



SEASON OF 18 76-77 



PRESENTED B¥,TH£: 



*ilaitie Coast Liie Bf Bail 

PAGES 88, 89, 90 & 96. 




Aim I f L01I1A. 



Tourists' and Invalids' attention is respectfully 
invited to the Double Daily "all Rail" Sched- 
ule via. \A/ashington, Richmond, Wilmington 
& Charleston, and daily *' all Rail," via. Wash- 
ington, Richnaond, Wilmington and Augusta. 

Also to tlie perfect system of Sleeping and Parlor Car 
Service in operation and now presented to tl»e 
Souilicrn travel by the manage- 
ment of tlie 

Atlaitic Coast Line of Railways. 

EASTERN and NEW EN&LAND passengers can reach Kew 
York by all Sound Lines and Niglit Rail trains, in time to con- 
nect with 8.35 A. M. and 9.30 A. M. (Limited Express.) Trains 
from New York daily (Sunday excepted), for Charleston, Sa- 
vannah, Jacksonville, &c., &c., with Parlor Cars from New York 
to Washington, Pullman Sleepers to Wilmington, Parlor Car to 
Charleston and Lucas Sleeping Car to Savannah. 

6.00 P. M. train daily from New York, with Pullman Sleep- 
hig Car to Richmond, with through train _for Wilmington 
(Parlor Car attached), there connecting with Pullman Sleeping 
Cars for Charleston and Augusta, thence direct either via. 
Charleston or Augusta, to Savannah, Jacksonville, &c. , &c. 

Persons contemplating a Southern trip would do well to ex- 
amine the Ailantk Coast Line time-tables heiore purchasing tickets. 

For Full particulars applj?- at all Pennsylvania R. R. and 
Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Offices, and at the 

GENERAL OFFICES OF THE ROUTE, 229 Broadway, N. Y. 
W.J.WALKER, A. POPE, 

Oen'l Agent. Oen'l Pass. Sc Tieket Agent. 

JONAH H. WHITK, Soutliern Passenger Agent. 




Arlington ^^^l 



i-i 



^riEaiEs 



•DIDE To Al THKOBeE FlOEIBA, 



4i 



ObNTAININ© A 



HISTORICAL SKETCH, GEOGRAPHICAL, AGRICULTURAL ANB 

CLIMATIC STATISTICS, ROUTES OP TRAVEL BY LAND 

AND SEA, AND GENERAL INFORMATION 



INVALUABT.E TO THE 



SntjaUi, ^oxxriBt or (ffmxgranf. 



Enterefl|accoicling to Act of Coiis;res8, in the year 1876, by 

JONAH H. WHITE, 

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, 



• ..o;./3 S3i ^ ' 



l-tJBLISHEl) BY 

JONAH H. WHITE 

NEW TOBK. 

isrei. 




<n' 



theh: 



Atlantic Coast Line of Gailf ays. 

ALL RAIL ROUTE TO 



STA, 



Savaimali, Jacksonville. 

AND ALL POINTS IN 

r' Xj o ::ei. n S3 ..a= , 

—VIA— 

WASHINGTON, EIOHMOND & WILMINGTON. 

« 

The through arrangements between the East and Florida have been made with 
the view to deserve the patronage of the public, 

SAFETY, SPEED AfiD COMFORT, 

ARE THE ESSENTIALS PROVIDED. 



PULLMAN PALACE SLEEPING CARS 

AEE NOW RUNNING FROM 

Ngw York to RiohmondM 

ATLANTIC COAST LINE PARLOR CARS, 

PULLMAN SLEEPING- CAR, 
WlLMir^CTOi^ TO AUGUSTA. 

ELEGANT DAY COACHES, 

AUGUSTA TO SAVANNAH. 

PULLMAN SLEEPING CAR, 

SAVANHAH TO JAOKSONVILLB , 

During the Winter and Spring Months, 1876-7. 

Persons wishing to avail themselves of the through Pullman Sleeping Care, 
can be furnished with fall information by addressing 

JONAH H. WHITE, Scnthern Passenger Agent, 

229 Broadway, New York. 

Persons visiting Aiken "en route" to Florida, will find this the most desirable route. 

Through Tickets by this Line, good until used, with privilege of stop- 
ping over, can be obtained at all offices of connecting lines, and at Ticket 
Offices in Jacksonville, Savannah, and on board Steamers plying betw>.en 
Savannah and St. Johns River. 
W. . J. WAIiHLER, A. POPE, 

General Agent. U *X\L, ^^n. Pass. & Ticket Agent 

OS'W 



V-JS 



GUIDE TO AUD THROUGH FLOIIIDA. 



• ♦ >- 



Five years after Christopher Columbus first saw land in 
the New World, another navigator, Sebastian Cabot, sailing 
under the English flag, discovered the coast of Florida. 
This was in 1497. It was not until the spring of 15 12 
that the Europeans made a permanent landing. A veteran 
cavalier of Spain, Juan Ponce de Leon, impelled by a 
romantic fancy that in the West there existed a fountain 
whose waters restored the aged to perpetual youth, raised 
an expedition of enthusiasts like himself and set sail on 
this wondrous voyage of discovery. He sav/ the coast for 
the first time on Easter Sunday, in April, 15 12, which day 
the Spaniards call Pasqua Florida, and because the 
charming country spread before him was fairly radiant 
with wild flowers, he gave it the beautiful name of Florida. 
This landing was made near the site of the present city of 
St. Augustine 

The cavalier's search for the immortal spring was 
fruitless. The Indians harassed and picked off" his band 
with poisoned arrows, and he was finally forced to quit 
the country. He carried with him to Cuba a mortal 
wound which caused his death soon after his arrival there. 
A. dozen years later Spain again attempted to colonize the 
peninsula. Narvaez was appointed Governor and landed 



4 GUID^ TO FLORIDA. 

with three hundred rnen. He made no attempt at settle- 
ment however, but wandered off on an exploring expedi- 
tion, and after i»any hardships, finally reached the far off 
country of the Mexicans. The illustrious Ferdinand de 
Soto, the discoverer of the Mississippi river, followed him 
to Florida. He landed in Tampa Bay with a thousand 
followers, in the spring of 1539. His march through the 
interior was disputed at every step by the aborigines, and 
his little army was so decimated by war, fatigue and sick- 
ness, that when his own body was committed to the bosom 
of the ^' Father of Waters" two years later, but a third of 
them survived. 

The first actual settlement of Florida was made oy the 
French Huguenots who, under Jean Ribault, attempted to 
plant a colony at the mouth of the St. Johns River in 
1564. This roused the ire of the Spaniards, who claimed 
the country as their own, and an expedition was sent out 
under the command of Don Pedro Menendez to extermi- 
nate the Frenchmen. The Don did his bloody work 
effectually. ' • The little French city was taken by surprise, 
and all of its inhabitants were massacred. Above their 
bodies, which he had suspended from the trees, Menendez 
left this inscription : '* Not because they are Frenchmen, 
but because they are heretics and enemies of God.' V But 
vengeance on the cruel Castilians was swift. Three years 
later an expedition under De Gourgues, a Huguenot gen- 
tleman, set sail from France, and landing at St. Augustine^ 
which the Spaniards had just built, attacked and took it 
after a severe battle. A portion of the garrison were 
taken to the site of the ruined French settlement on the 
St. Johns, and there hung to the same trees, with this 
inscription over their heads: ^'Not because they are 
Spaniards, but because they are traitors, robbers and muf" 
derers." 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 5 

It was in 1565 that Menendez founded the city of 
St. Augustine, the oldest within the present limits of 
the United States. From this foothold colonies were sent 
out along the coast and into the interior of the province, 
and for an hundred years or more Florida was a growing 
and thriving Spanish colony. The Indians were almost 
uniformly hostile, but the superior civilization prevailed 
over them. Many vestiges of the early Spanish settle- 
ments in the State remain to show what the country was at 
this flourishing era of its history. The period of its deca- 
dence was at the conclusion of the great Continental war 
of 1753-60, when it passed from Spain into the possession 
of Great Britain. In the meantime it had been the scene 
of many conflicts. The English, under Sir Francis Drake, 
attacked and plundered St. Augustine in 1586. It was 
pillaged by the Indians in 161 1, and sacked 'by the Buc- 
caneers in 1665. Governor Moore, of South Carolina, 
raided into the colony in 1702, and unsuccessful attempts 
were made by the Georgians in 1725, 1740 and 1743 to 
capture and destroy St. Augustine. 

In i^6^ Spain ceded the whole territory of Florida to 
Great Britain. So greatly had its prosperity declined that 
its population did not exceed 600. In 1781, the Spaniards 
captured Pensacola, and three years later, by virtue of the 
treaty of 1784, they resumed jurisdiction over the country. 
During the last war with Great Britain the English troops 
under Col. Nichols occupied Pensacola, but General Jack- 
son appearing before the town, they decamped to their 
fleet. Jackson, while fighting the Indians in 1818, was so 
affronted by the conduct of the Spanish governor that he 
took possession of Pensacola and sent the Spanish prison- 
ers to Havana. ^ "^ 
) The Spanish government recognized ''manifest destiny" 
ill 181^, and consented to the cession of the entire terri- 



6 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

tory of Florida to the United States. The exchange of 
flags took place in 1821, a territorial government was 
established in 1822, and Florida was admitted as a State 
into the Union in 1845. 

From the time of the cession down almost to our own 
day, there have raged those desolating Indian wars which 
reddened the border settlements with the blood of white 
men, women and children, and made the Everglades re- 
sound with the dying whoop of the hunted Seminole. The 
story of the valor of Coa-cou-chee, of Osceola, and of 
Little Cloud, fighting the last battles of their race for the 
hunting grounds of their ancestors, has passed into poetry 
and romance. 

j Florida, like her sister Southern States, was a battle- 
ground between North and South in the late civil war. 
After the passage of the ordinance of secession in 1861, 
Fort Pickens in Pensacola harbor, was invested by the Con- 
federate troops, and the Navy Yard was occupied. ^^ • Fer- 
nandina and St. Augustine were captured by Admiral 
Dupont's fleet in 1862. The following month the United 
States forces occupied Jacksonville, and the Confederate 
authorities abandoned nearly the whole of Northern and 
Western Florida, including Pensacola, and withdrew their 
army into Georgia. The year 1864 was characterized by 
raids on both sides. General Birney penetrated to Trent 
Creek, and the Confederate salt works at Ocala were de- 
stroyed. In February of this year General Trueman Sey- 
mour marched westward with a large body of United 
States troops, and at Olustee v/as disastrously defeated by 
the Confederate army under General Joseph Finegan. 
He retreated with a loss of 1200 men, leaving his dead 
and wounded on the field ; and during the remaining 
months of the war the Federals were on the defensive. 

y After the surrender of General T-ee, at Appomattox, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 7 

Virginia, the people of Florida abandoned further re- 
sistance, and the State was duly reconstructed by Con- 
gress. 



The State of Florida extends from the parallel of 31° 
North latitude to 25° North latitude, and lies within 80° 
and 88° West longitude from Greenwich. It is in the 
same latitude with the Desert of Sahara, Southern China 
and Northern Mexico, but its comparative degree of heat 
is not accurately indicated by its latitude, for it is isother- 
mal with the Bermudas, Egypt, Northern Hindostan, 
Southern California and Louisiana. Moreover, lying 
between the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf Stream, its main 
portion is fanned by ocean breezes which materially modify 
the temperature. 

The shape of the State has been likened to that of a 
boot; the foot part being Northern Florida, and the leg 
being the peninsula. The first extends about 350 miles 
from East to West, and the peninsula 400 miles from North 
to South, and ninety miles, on the average, from East to 
West. The Gulf Stream skirts the Eastern coast about 
300 miles. The State contains 59,868 square miles, or 
37,931,520 acres, and is therefore a little larger than 
Georgia, Illinois or Michigan, and almost as large as the 
New England States or the united kingdoms of Portugal, 
Belgium and the Netherlands. The extent of her coast 
line is rather extraordinary. It is not less than i, 100 miles ; 
a distance nearly equal to that from Portland, Maine, to 
Jacksonville, Florida, in a straight line. 

^The surface of the eastern section of the State is gener- 
ally level, In Western Florida it is rolling or hilly. The 



8 GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 

extreme southern part is covered with swanfps. The coast 
is indented with thousands of bays and inlets formed by 
the jutting of the land, and by innumerable islands. The 
principal rivers are the Apalachicola, which has its source 
in the mountains of Upper Georgia ; the beautiful Suwanee, 
in Middle Florida ; the Withlacoochee, the Ocklawha and 
the Indian River, in Southern I*1orida. The great stream 
of the State, however, is the magnificent St. Johns, which 
rises in the Everglades, and. winds northward a distance of 
four hundred miles until it empties into the Atlantic Ocean 
below Jacksonville. 

The peninsula is filled with beautiful lakes, some of them 
being navigable for large steamers, and one of them, Lake 
Okeechobee, in the Everglades, being fully forty miles 
long and thirty miles wide. The lake scenery, in the 
neighborhood of the upper waters of the St. John, is un- 
surpassed in loveliness. Several of the larger bays on the 
coast deserve notice. Tampa Bay, Apalachee Bay and Pen- 
sacola Bay, are broad and deep enough to float navies. 
The State abounds in remarkable mineral springs. The 
Wakulla River rises about ten miles northwest of St. Marks 
from one of them. ( ^The water is moderately cold and 
highly impregnated with lime. From the big spring of 
Chipola bursts a furious river ; Silver Spring, in Marion 
County, is a basin of surpassingly clear and deep water. 
The Sulphur Springs of- the Suwanee are a curiosity, and 
enjoy a local reputation for curing rheumatism, dyspepsia 
and other kindred diseases. Springs of salt water are 
not uncommon in the interior. 

Scientists say that the geological formation of Florida is 
of comparatively recent origin. The opinion of one of 
them, relative to the peninsula, is expressed in this lan- 
guage : ''The Vn^igIc peninsula has been formed by the 
successive growth of coral reefs added roncentricallv fror^ 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



North to South to the first deposits, while the accumula- 
tion between these reefs has been a mixture of coral and 
fragments of shells, the coral prevailing in some parts, as 
in the regions of the Everglades, and in other portions, 
especially the Northern and Eastern, the shell." Agassiz 
assumes, of the lower half of the peninsula, " that if the 
growth be one foot in a century from a depth of seventy- 
five feet, and that each successive reef has added ten miles 
of extent southward, it would have required, on this com- 
putation, 135,000 years to have formed the southern half 
of the peninsula." The upper part of Florida is, of course, 
much older. 




|U*pM Broi. 



Palmetto Tree, 



lo GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Florida undoubtedly possesses the most equable and 
salubrious climate, all the year round, of any State in the 
Union. The thermometer seldom rises above 90° in the 
summer, nor falls below 30° in the winter. The summer 
may be said to be seven months long, but the heat is not 
intense. This is attributable in a great degree to the 
circumstance that the peninsula is fanned on the East by 
the Atlantic breezes, and on the West by those of the 
Gulf of Mexico, both of which can be sensibly felt in the 
middle of the State. 

The winter in Florida resembles very much the season 
known in more northern latitudes as the ^' Indian Summer. ' ' 
The climate of Florida, however, has the additional ad- 
vantage of being more dry and elastic. Rain falls rarely 
during the winter months. Five out of six days are bright 
and cloudless, and of the most agreeable temperature. In 
Southern Florida frost very rarely appears. Even as far 
north as the Suwanee River there are generally but two or 
three nights in a whole winter when ice as thick as a half 
dollar is found. A consequence of the evenness of the 
temperature is the very delightful salubrity of the nights 
in the sultriest season of the year, by which the body is 
refreshed, the sleep rendered sound, and the natural facul- 
ties are restored to vigor. 

The following tables show the range of the thermometer 
throughout the year in Florida, and the evenness of the 
temxperature as compared with that of given points in the 
J^orthern States. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



i I 



Observations made at Jacksonville during the six months 
ending April 30th, 1874; showing the highest and lowest 
ranges of the barometer and thermometer during each 
month, the total rainfall, the number of rainy days, and the 
prevailing wind. (Furnished by Richard McLaughlin, Esq. ) 



Month. 


BAEOMETEK. 


THEEMOMETEE. 


O.S PI 


^'3 b 






Highest 


Lowest 


Highesr 


Lowest. 


Mean. 


^^^-pWfi 


November, 18T3 


30.437 


29.374 ! 


' -B3 


! 80 


59 


j 2.88 1 8 


SW 


December, " 


30.480 


29.643 i 


1 79 


1 32 


58 


3.38 


7 


N 


January, 18T4 


30.653 


29.810 ; 


! TT 


i 35 


55 


i .82 


7 


N 


February, " 


30.362 


29.845 i 


' 81 


! 37 


58 


7.33 


12 


NE 


March, " 


30.y35 


29,761 1 


87 


1 87 


66 


' 2.13 


7 


SW 


April, " 1 30.370 


29.703 1 


) 91 


1 42 


70 


I 1.60 j 6 


sw 



It is proper to observe that there is a marked difference 
in the theometric range at Enterprise, two hundred miles 
south of Jacksonville, the temperature being much more 



even. 



The following is a comparative table, showing the monthly 
and yearly mean of twenty years at St. Augustine, of 
thirty-one years at West Point, a?id of thirty fve years 
at Port Snelling, Minji. : 



St. Augustine, 
Fla . . . 



West Point, 
N. Y. . 



Ft. Snelling, 
Minn. . 



Jan. 



57.03 



23.28 



13.76 



Feb. 



39.94 



28.80 



17.57 



Mar. 



63.34 



37.63 



31.41 



Apl.jMay 



68.7873.50 



48.70 



56.34 



.59.82 



Jun 



79.36 



68.41 



( 



July 



80.90 



73.75 



58.97 68.46 73.40 



Aug 



80.5'' 



71.83 



Sep.; Oct. -Vov. 



78.60 71.88 64.12 



64.31 53.04,42.23 31.9850.73 



Doc. YEAH. 



57.26 60.01 



'0.05 58.86,47.15 31 67 16.80.46.54 



12 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

In Florida an extraordinary variety of valuable produc- 
tions are successfully cultivated. Lying as it does partly 
within the temperate zone and partly within the semi- 
tropical regions, within its limits may be seen flourishing 
most of the vegetation familiar to the soil of the Middle 
and Western States, together with the fruits of the West 
Indies. At least one-fourth of the entire area of the State 
is south of the line of frost, and will grow successfully the 
orange, the lemon, the citron, the grape fruit, the banana, 
the pine-apple, and the cocoa-nut. Most of the tropical 
trees and shrubs grow spontaneously. Tobacco, sugar and 
hemp have been cultivated to some extent, and can be 
made very valuable productions if systematically treated. 
The yield of sugar is much more to the acre than i a Louis- 
iana. Cotton has hitherto been the leading staple. In- 
dian corn has been largely raised, but not in sufficient 
quantities to supply the home demand. Within a few 
years the raising of early vegetables for the Northern trade 
has been commenced, with great success, on the St. Johns 
River, and along the railroads. Among the vegetables 
which are readily grown and bring remunerative prices, 
are tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, green peas, beans, tab- 
bages, turnips, beets, squashes, onions, asparagus, and 
sweet and Irish potatoes. Wheat has been partially culti- 
vated in the northern part of the State. The Ramie plant 
has just been introduced, an^l it is believed will become 
an important staple. Arrowroot, indigo, the castor bean, 
can be raised without difficulty. The large growth of the 
Mulberry renders the conditions favorable to the produc- 
tion of the silk worm. There is no reas(m why tea and 
coffee cannot be cultivated, as the climate and soil are 
especially adapted to the purpose. Of the fruits other 
than tropical, the peach, grape, fig, pomegranate and plum 
are produced. Berries grow profusely. i^ 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 13 

Florida is the best timbered State in the Union. Over 
30,000,000 of acres are covered with heavy forests. The 
business of cutting and shipping lumber is large and in- 
creasing. Florida also exports naval stores, and at Key 
West there are extensive salt works. Further remarks on 
the soil and productiveness of the "State will be found in 
the paragraphs devoted to the advantages of Florida for 

immigrants. 

♦»» 



According to the census of 1870 the population of Plor< 
ida aggregates 187,748; of which 96,057 are whites and 
91,689 blacks. This shows a proportion of a fraction over 
three inhabitants to the square mile; a density about 
equal to that of the States of Kansas and Texas. The 
population of the State in i860 was 140,123, so that in 
spite of the ravages caused by the civil war, the increase 
in ten years has been 47^625, or thirty-four per cent. 

'^The leading cities and towns in the State are Jackson- 
ville with a population of 13,000, Fernandina with 2,500, 
Tallahassee with 2,500, St. Augustine with 2,000 Lake 
City with 2,000, Pensacola with 2,000, Gainesville with 
1,500, Key West with 3,000 ; Palatka with 1,000, Quincy 
with 800, and Apalachicola with 1,000. r, 

The seat of government is at Tallahassee. The new 
constitution, adopted by the people and approved by 
Congress in 1868, vests the executive power in a Gover- 
nor, who is elected for four years. He is assisted in his 
deliberations by a Cabinet, composed of the principal 
officersr-in the State, viz: the Secretary of State, the 
Attorney-General, the Comptroller, the State Treasurer, 
the Surveyor - General, the Superintendent of Instruc- 



/4 ~ GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

tion and the Commissioner of Immigration. This is a 
novel feature in the framework of a State government, but 
was suggested by the success of the arrangement in the 
Federal system. The legislative power is vested in a 
Senate and Assembly. The former consists of twenty- 
four members, elected for four years j the latter of fifty - 
three members, elected for two years. The judicial pow- 
er is vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County 
Courts and Justices of the Peace. The Judges of the Su- 
preme Court are appointed for life, of the Circuit Courts 
for eight years, and of the County Courts for four years. 
The election for State and County Officers and Members 
of the Legislature takes place the first Tuesday after the 
first Monday in November. Annual Sessions of the Legis- 
lature are held, beginning on the first Tuesday after the 
first Monday in January. 

The present State govermnent (1875-6) is as follows r 

Governor, - - - M. L. Stearns. 

Lieutenant-Governor, 

Secretary of State, - - S. B. McLin. 

Comptroller. - - - C. A. Cowgill. 

Treasurer, - - - C. H. Foster. 

Attorney-General, - - Wm. A. Cocke. 

Commissioner of Immigra- ) -p. Fapan 
tion, - - j 

Superintendent of Public ) t q Qjpog 
Instruction, - ) 

At the last Presidential election in the State (1872) the 
vote was as follows : Grant, 17,765; Greeley, 15,428; Re- 
publican majority, 2,337. The Republicans elected two 
majority in the State Senate, and three majority in the 
House of Representatives. 

Florida, though one of the first-settled countries on this 
cgntiR^ntj h^s XQaWy all the characteristics of a new State. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 15 

Its scanty population has been scattered over a territory 
of nearly 60,000 square miles, and has heretofore been en- 
gaged almost wholly in agriculture. The social conveni- 
ences and advantages enjoyed in the thickly-settled States 
further North must not, therefore, be expected here. But 
immigration is pouring in and the State is rapidly im- 
proving. Schools and churches are to be found in all the 
towns and villages throughout the State, and a new sys- 
tem of public education has been provided for in the new 
constitution. In reference to the feeling of the old inhab- 
itants towards new comers, the State Commissioner of Im- 
migration, Mr. Adams, (himself a Northern man) writes : 
^'In our correspondence the question is often asked: 
'Is it safe for a Northern man to come to Florida?' 'The 
answer is : That there is no sort of danger whatever. The 
immigrant of gpod character and habits will be readily 
received by all. Southern men and women are not su- 
per-human, and cannot be expected suddenly to absolve 
themselves from the domination of those trains of political 
thought and those prevalent social notions that have ruled 
them for years, or to sympathize at once with the political 
ideas of a triumphant radicalism, j But the whole popula- 
tion of the State is becoming rapidly convinced that 
'men, money and labor,' are to be watch-words in the 
success of the future of Florida. * * * Indeed, any 
good citizen that proposes to pay special attention to his 
own affairs, will be welcomed by all, and this without any 
sacrifice of principle or any abridgment of his rights of 
free thought and free speech. Northern men and women, 
who may come and persist in associating exclusively with 
each other, and sequester themselves diligently from all 
social intercourse with old residents, will be allowed thus 
to indulge their social predilections without let or hii^-' 
drance, ' ' ^ 



i5 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



It has been well said that no part of the United States 
can furnish a more exciting and agreeable winter hunting- 
ground than Indian River and the Gulf Coast. Turkeys, 
Ducks, Squirrels, Deer and Bear are to be found through- 
out the State. The hunter in the Indian river region 
" may comfortably camp out, month after month, with a 
single blanket, taking as he needs his sweet potatoes from 
the ground, and the orange, lemon and banana from the 
plantations along the route, and in the continuous sunshine 
of an unending spring surfeit himself with the pursuit of 
game." 

In the rivers and bays of Florida the lover of angling 
will fii.d his real paradise. They literally swarm with 
valuable fish. Mullet, Bass, Sheepshead, Trout, Perch — 
salt water and fresh — and innumerable other varieties 
abound. The fish caught in the Lower St. Johns will run 
from one to forty pounds in weight. Lakes Harney and 
Jessup are abundantly stocked with fish of excellent 
quality, which are easily caught with nets, hooks or spears, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



•7 



Alligator hunting is a sport peculiar to these southern 
latitudes and can be enjoyed to perfection along the 
rivers, lakes and lagoons of Florida. It takes a practiced 
eye to detect an alligator, for it closely resembles a rotten 
log, half-submerged and motionless. Shooting the alliga- 
tor from the decks of the river steamers is a common 
enough custom, but the real alligator hunt is to be had on 
the upper lakes where they swarm in almost countless 
numbers. Hunting parties for Lake Harney are made up 
at Enterprise, on the Upper' St. Johns. The expense is 
not much and the amusement prodigious. 




Harper Bros. 



St. Augustine, 



The antiquarian and enthusiast in historical research 
will lind abundant material of interest in the visible traces 
of the Spanish occupation of two and three centuries ago. 
Remains of ancient cities, forts, breastworks, churches, 
and roads may be found, sometimes when least expected, 
in the midst of dense forests which have grown up and 
covered the vestiges of the early civilization. St. Augustine 



«8 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

the oldest city on the North American continent, is unsur- 
passed in interest to the antiquarian. The battle fields 
of the later Indian wars also have a peculiar attractive- 
ness. Here the tourist may study the historic spots illus- 
trated by the valor and genius of Jackson, Taylor and 
Worth. The State of Florida offers rare opportunities 
for study to the students in Geology and Botany. The 
former have an interesting and important subject for in- 
vestigation in the extraordinary coral formation of the 
peninsula; the latter in the wonderful and varied growth 
of floral and other vegetation. Several professors of 
Natural History from Northern institutions of learning 
were in Florida last year, collecting specimens of insects, 
birds, fishes and beasts. There are several excellent tax- 
idermists in Savannah who make a business of preparing 
specimens for naturalists. 

There are those to whom field and water sports are un- 
interesting. They travel for a love of change merely, or 
to behold the beautiful and novel in nature or to enjoy 
idleness — as a relaxation from severe and unremitting 
labor. The soft, balmy air, the clear, blue sky, the genial, 
though never enervating warmth, the tropical richness of 
the verdure, the bright-plumaged birds filling the forests 
with their music, the placid, transparent lakes and river 
scenery of unsurpassed loveliness, fulfil all the conditions 
required by this class of tourists. No American need 
seek an Italy across the waters when one lies here, almost 
within a day's travel. 



"^^ 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



For more than a century Florida has been a resort for 
invalids from all parts of the world and particularly for 
those afflicted with pulmonary complaints. The dryness, 
evenness and salubrity of the climate are a most delightful 
and health-restoring change from the piercing winds and 
frigid temperature of the Northern, Middle and Western 
States in the winter. That many consumptives who have 
come to Florida die of the disease is true, but it is equally 
certain that they had postponed their visit until it was 
beyond the power of any climatic change to effect a cure. 
But there are thousands of persons threatened with the 
consumptive's death who have recovered their health in 
Florida, or at least have lengthened their days not un- 
pleasantly. 

It. is estimated that at least forty thousand people visited 
Florida last winter, of whom about a fourth were invalids. 
The many beautiful villages and landings on the St. 
Johns River, as far up as Enterprise, were crowded with 
these seekers for renewed life and health. St. Augustine 
and the Indian river country, on the Atlantic coast, were 
also filled with visitors of the same character. Among 
these were not only people troubled with lung diseases, 
but those who were suffering from nervous complaints and 
from physical and mental prostration. Many were over- 
worked business men from the great cities of the North 
and West, who sought this delicious and invigorating 
mode of recuperation. 

The mildness of the atmosphere in winter permits much 
exercise in the open air. It is not uncommon for the 
native ladies to walk late in the moonlight evenings 
covered, as to the head, only with a lace veil. Some 
nights are damp and chilly, particularly in the Northern 



20 GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 

Darts of the State, and a little fire is comfortable ; but 
usually, throughout the winter, the inhabitants sit without 
a fire and with open doors and windows. These remarks 
are not intended to convey the idea that caution as to 
clothing can be neglected by the invalid. A writer on 
this point says : ''As a rule, invalids should not expose 
themselves to the night air nor be tempted on warm, bright 
days to lay aside thick shoes and comfortable clothing. 
The invalid should always be clad in woolen clothing, and 
the robust do not require a linen suit except in the summer 
months." 

. Statistics testify to the healthfulness of Florida. Not- 
withstanding the fact that so many thousands of consump- 
tives resort to the State for relief, the proportion of deaths 
from pulmonary complaints in it is less than in any other 
State in the Union. 

The census of 1870 showed that these deaths were as 
follows : 

Massachusetts, - - - one in 283 

Maine, - - - - " S'^S 

Vermont, _ . _ - " 463 

New York, - . - - " 379 

Pennsylvania, . . . << 470 

Ohio, ''507 

California, - - - " 450 

Virginia, '' 585 

Indiana, - - - - '' 599 

Illinois, - - - . " 698 

Florida, . . . . '' 1,433 

There is a wide-spread misapprehension respecting the 
malarial character of the interior of Florida. It is sup- 
posed that in some parts the air is charged with the most 
poisonous and noxious vapors arising from the swamp 
lands, and that fevers are common in consequence of it, 



GUiDE TO FLORIDA. 21 

tt is true that there is much swampy land in the State,, 
and that wherever there is a dense vegetable growth accom- 
panied by decomposition, malarious diseases arise, but in 
this case, the magnificent breezes, which sweep across the 
country, clear the atmosphere and purge it of its evil 
humors. All fevers in Florida assume a much milder 
type than in other sections where they are prevalent. 
Surgeon -General Lawson, of the United States Army, in 
his report explicitly asserts this. He says that statistics 
show ." that the ratio of deaths to the number of cases of 
remittent fever has been much less among the troops serv- 
ing there than in any other portion of the United States. 
In the Middle Division the proportion is i death to 36 
cases of remittent fever ; in the Northern Division, i to 
52; in the Southern Division, i to 54; in Texas, i in 78; 
in California, i in 122; in New Mexico, i in 148; while 
in Florida it is i in 287. 

^The remedial character of the springs, which abound in 
every part of the State, must not be overlooked. Some 
are known to be highly beneficial to rheumatic and dys- 
peptic patients. A reference to the index of this work 
will give inquirers the location of several of the best 
esteemed spas in the State. 



22 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 



The Legislature of Florida has taken active measures 
to induce immigrants^ from, the North and West and from 
Europe, to settle in the State. A Department of Immigra- 
tion has been established in connection with the State 
Government ; the officer is styled Commissioner of Immi- 
gration, and he is a member of the Governor's Cabinet. 
The Bureau furnishes, upon application, all the informa- 
tion an intending settler may desire about the pfrice, 
character and situation of lands and the means of getting 
to them 

It may be succinctly said that the inducements to immi- 
gration to Florida consist in the cheapness of the lands, 
ease of tillage, wide scope of crops, heavy profits and 
healthfulness of climate. The lands of the State are 
zlassified as swamp lands, high and low hummock and 
pine. The first are the most durably rich lands in the 
Union. Ditching is indispensable in preparing them for 
profitable cultivation ; then they produce a succession of 
luxuriant crops with the most wonderful vigor. '>The\' 
are especially adapted for sugar, and have been known to 
yield four hogsheads to the acre, which is more than twice 
the average of Louisiana productiveness. There is at least 
a million of acres of this land vacant in Florida, most oi 
which can be bought of the State for less than two dollars 
per acre. 

The characteristic of the hammock, as distinguished 
from the pine land, is, that it is covered with a growth of 
underbrush, while the latter is open. Whenever the land 
is not so low as to be called a swamp and produces an 
undergrowth of shrubbery, it is called hammock. These 
lands stud the pine forests every few miles and vary in 
extent from twenty acres to forty thousand acres. The 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. .. 

low hummocks require a little ditching, and are adapted 
to the growth of the cane. The high hummocks are 
composed of very rich soil and produce, with very little 
cultivation, all the crops of the country. They require 
no other preparation than clearing and ploughing, and 
are the lands most sought after by new settlers ; the price 
varies from 25 cents to ^25.00 per acre, according to 
location. 

The pine lands are generally cleared by girdling the 
trees and cutting away the underbrush. The following 
year nothing remains but the trunks and dry branches 
which offer no further impediment to the rays of the sun. 
The fertility of what is denominated '■ first-rate pine " is 
remarkable. Some districts have yielded during fourteen 
years of successive cultivation, without the aid of manure, 
400 pounds of Sea Island Cotton to the acre. The poorer 
classes of pine lands are valuable for the raising of Sisal 
hemp. They afford an excellent range for cattle, and are 
worth still more for their timber and naval stores. Prices 
of ''first-rate pine" land varies from 25 cents to ;^io 
per acre, according to location. 

Unimproved lands on the St. Johns River can be had 
at from ;^5 to $15; and improved lands in the same 
locality at from ;^2o to $t,o. Plantations in other parts 
of the State, partially cleared and having some improve- 
ments, such as buildings and fences, are worth from ;^3 to 
$10 per acre. Lands, having orange groves in bearing, 
are from $<^o to $250 per acre. On account of the genial 
climate, the finished, compactly-built dwelling-houses of 
the more rigorous North are not required. Less expen- 
sive buildings, the cost being not more than from ^200 
to ^500, will answer every purpose of health and comfort. 

The extraordinary variety of crops suitable to the 
soil of Florida is alluded to on another page. Many of 



24 ' ^UIDE TO FLORIDA. 

them, with much less of the cost and hard labor expended 
in other farming sections of tl t Union, can be made 
exceedingly profitable. For settlers of small means the 
early vegetable cultivation and the raising of fruit make 
handsome returns, and for large capitalists there are 
fortunes in the production of cotton, sugar, fine Cuban 
tobacco and naval stores. There are also similar induce- 
ments in stock raising, the cutting of timber and lumber, 
salt making and the fisheries. Enterprising men and 
women, who know " how to keep a hotel," can settle any- 
where along the railroad lines or on the St. Johns, and 
depend on constant and remunerative business. 

Visitors to Florida, for the first time, are usually appre- 
hensive about snakes. Notwithstanding its tropical situ- 
ation there are few poisonous reptiles in Florida. In 
some localities the rattlesnake may be found, if sought for 
diligently, but generally the only snake visible is a species 
of harmless, water snake. The alligators are not aggres- 
sive towards strangers. They are rather disposed to run 
than fight when attacked. The mosquitoes flourish in the 
summer season, as they do everywhere else, but are less 
voracious than the Jersey breed. The other bugbear to 
the stranger in Florida — the malarial fever, is spoken of 
elsewhere. When it does occur, it is of the very mildest 
type, is not necessarily dangerous and yields easily to 
simple retri^edies. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. ^5 

Charleston, the principal city of South Carolina, and the 
largest on the Atlantic coast of the United States south of 
Baltimore, is situated on a tongue of land between the 
rivers Ashley and Cooper. Its population in 1870 was 
48,956, of which 26,173 were negroes and mulattoes. It 
is a large cotton and rice mart, and is connected with the 
interior of the country by extensive lines of railway. 

History — Charleston was originally settled by the 
English in 1679. It was one of the most important and 
opulent of the old colonial cities. In 1776 the British 
fleet, under Sir Peter Parker, was beaten off by the fort on 
Sullivan's Island. The city was captured by the British in 
1780. The great civil war of 1860-65 began here with 
the passage of the ordinance of secession in December, 
i860. 

Harbor — The harbor is one of the largest and hand 
somest on the coast of America. The ruins of Fort Sum^ 
ter, situated at its entrance, constitutes the spot of most 
interest to strangers visiting Charleston. Castle Pinckney, 
a short distance from the city, and Fort Moultrie, on Sulli- 
van's Island, are also fortresses of historic renown. A 
packet yacht conveys visitors to these points every after- 
noon, ilnformation of the hour of sailing, etc., may be 
obtained at the hotels. 

Reininisceiices,— Charleston possesses an unusual 
interest for visitors, as having been the birthplace of the 
Southern Confederacy, and the scene of some of its most 
stirring incidents. Its streets to this day abound with re- 
minders of the momentous events which characterized its 
existence during that memorable four year s struggle. 



26 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

streets — Meeting street is the longest and most ele- 
gant avenue. King street is the fashionable shopping 
thoroughfare. They run parallel the entire length of the 
city. 

St. Miehael's Church — This venerable edifice 
on the corner of Broad and Meeting street, is worth see- 
ing. The chime of bells in its belfry were first imported 
from England about the middle of the last century j 
during the Confederacy were removed to Columbia for 
safety ; at the close of the war were sent to England for 
re-casting, and in 1866 were returned, and once more 
rang out from the spire their merry peal to the air of 
" Home Again. " From this steeple the Colonial troops 
kept watch upon the movements of the British, and 
later, the Confederate lookouts upon the Federal block- 
ading squadron. The view which it affords of the city, 
the harbor and the back country is one which no tourist 
should miss. 

Public Huiidiugs — The Post Office building at 
the lower end of Broad street, is an ante-revolutionary 
structure. In its cellars American prisoners were cruelly 
incarcerated during the war for independence. The new 
Custom House is an imposing marble building. The 
Orphan House on Calhoun street is one of the archi- 
tectural ornaments of the city. On its grounds is a 
marble statue of William Pitt, erected by the citizens of 
Charleston previous to the Revolution. The Charleston 
College, the Medical College, Eoper's Hospital, the City 
Hall, Citadel, and the Arsenal, are large and handsome 
buildings. There is an interesting museum connected 
with the Charleston College. 

Hotels — Those tourists who include a stop at Char- 
leston in their Florida trip, either going or returning. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 27 

will find the Charleston Hotel still deserving its well 
earned popularity. 

During the summer of 1874 this famous house under- 
went a complete and expensive renovation. The pro- 
prietors have added to its many comfortable appoint- 
ments the luxury of hot and cold water baths on each 
floor of the building, these baths being supplied at great 
expense with the celebrated Artesian water, famous for 
its many curative qualities. 

One of the great attractions of the hotel is its superb 
double colonnade. During the past season the Post 
Band discoursed tine music from the balcony twice a 
week in the evenings. 

Families desiring rooms can write or telegraph their 
requirements to the, proprietors in advance, and so avoid 
disappointment. 

The Pavilion Hotel, too, under the experienced pro- 
prietorship of Messrs. G. T. Alford & Co., deservedly 
receives a large share of tourists' patronage. Recently 
refitted and decorated throughout, and, offering in addi- 
tion to the comforts of a home, the attractions of an un- 
surpassed cuisine and delightful verandahs, it ranks 
among the first hotels on the Atlantic Southern seaboard, 
and will be found everything that either the transient or 
permanent visitor could desire. Tourists can telegraph 
and secure rooms in advance. 

Places worth Tisitin^ — Pleasant trips may be 
made by the ferry-boats to Moultrieville and Mount Plea- 
sant, the summer resorts of the Charlestonians. Those 
w^ho prefer to sail or row around the historic waters of 
Charleston Harbor, will find a fine collection of boats for 
hire, on reasonable terms, at Oapt. Young's wharf* 
Magnolia Cemetery, a short distance beyond the city 



28 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

lines, is a beautiful spot and has many fine monuments. 
The Battery, at the lower end of Meeting street, is a 
magnificent promenade and affords an excellent view of 
the harbor. The Burnt District, which extends from 
river to river across the middle of the city, marks the 
track of the great fire of 1864. The markets should be 
visited on a Saturday night, and some of the large Eice 
Mills are interesting. A trip to the wonderful Phos- 
phate Grounds should not be omitted. At the Academy 
of Music, one of the most elegant theatres in the Union, 
operatic and dramatic performances are given during 
the winter. 

The iSubiirbs of €liarle§toii — There are many 
points of beauty and historic interest within easy distance 
of the city, and which no tourist shpuld omit to visit. 
Prominent among these are the Drayton House, a splen- 
did old baronial mansion of brick, redolent with tradi- 
tions of the grandeur and hospitality it has witnessed in 
its past. It fronts upon the Ashley River, and is sur- 
rounded by a wealth of shrubbery and foliage. Magno- 
lia Plantation and Schievelin, both also upon the same 
stream, are well worth visiting. A small steamer plies 
up the Ashley from Charleston foi the accommodation 
of tourists. 

The connecting at Savannah, of the Savannah & 
Charleston and Atlantic and Gulf E, "ilroads, form an 
unbroken line from Charleston to Jacksonville, includ- 
ing all Eastern and Western points, via. Augusta (Port 
Royal R. R.) to Jacksonville, &c. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA 29 



The commercial emporium of the Empire State of the 
South, is beautifully situated on the Savannah Kiver, 
about 18 miles from its mouth. Savannah, next to New 
Orleans, is the largest port of shipment of cotton in the 
Southern States, and one of the largest in the world. 
It is advantageously placed, for a great thriving and in- 
creasing business. The Savannah Eiver affording water 
communication with the Northern part of the State for 
380 miles. ' The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad connects it 
with the rich and growing sections of Southern, Middle 
and Upper Georgia, and with Florida and the Gulf ports. 
The Georgia Central road running through Middle Geor- 
gia to Atlanta, and the Savannah and Charleston Rail- 
road to Charleston S. C, are important links connecting 
the city with the West and North. There are two lines 
of first-class steamers to New York, and weekly lines to 
Baltimore, Philadelphia and Boston. 

Savannah, according to the census of 1870, had a popu- 
lation of 28,235, of which 13,068 were colored. Its re- 
ceipts of cotton in 1872-3 amounted to 626,768 bales. 
It also exported 34,000,000 feet of lumber, and the total 
value of its exports that year was 150,000,000, which 
gave it the rank of the third exporting port in the United 
States. The city is handsomely laid out with broad 
streets closely shaded by water oaks, live oaks, magnolia, 
sycamore and pride of India trees. At nearly every other 
corner there is a public square, planted with these mag- 
nificent shade trees. The number of these squares is 24. 
South, Broad and Bay streets have grassy promenades 
in the middle, with carriage ways on either side. 



30 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Histor ]^' — Savannali was first settled in 1733 by Genl. 
Oglethorpe and about thirty families. Here, three years 
later, John Wesley preached for the first time in America. 
In 1766 there were four hundred dwellings here. In 
1788 the British captured the city. ISTearly a year later 
the brave Pulaski fell in a vain attempt by the combined 
French and American forces to recapture it. The British 
held possession till the war ended. In 1 791 Washington, 
and in 1825, Lafayette visited Savannah. It was promi- 
nent during the Confederate war as the terminus of 
Genl. Sherman's celebrated " March to the Sea. " 

Public Buildill^§ — There are many fine build- 
ings in Savannah, among which may be mentioned the 
City Exchange, New Market House, St. Andrews Hall, 
the New Custom House and the Hall of the Georgia His- 
torical Society. The Independent Presbyterian Church, 
the Masonic Temple, and St. John's Episcopal Church 
have considerable architectural merits. Greene Monu- 
ment in Johnson square, and the Pulaski Monument in 
Monterey square should also be seen by visitors. 

I^uburban Points— Strangers will find many 
spots in and about Savannah worth visiting. Fort Pu- 
lasTci, a few miles down the river, was the scene of a long 
siege during the late war. The original cost of its con- 
struction was $988,859. Daufuskie Island, near by, is 
memorable as the scene of the Bloody Point massacre 
of Indians by white settlers. Beach Hammock, Green- 
wich Park and Jasper Springs are also noted resorts 
within a few miles of the city. 

Hotels — The Screven and Marshall Houses continue 
to furnish the best of accommodations,'^ and at most 
I'easonable prices, to tourists ^stoppingj in [Savahuab. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 31 

The Planters' and O'Connel's European House are also 
included in the list of Hotels. 

Forsylli Park, though small in area (20 acres), is 
quite a resort for the citizens and attractive to strangers, 
as it is composed mostly of the natural growth of the 
lorests. The fountain in the centre is considered a beau- 
tiful model. It is after the style of the fountains in the 
Place de la Concord in Paris. The walks are prettily 
laid out, and covered with shell. It is the fashionable 
resort for the elite of the city. In the rear of the Park, 
in a large enclosure known as the Parade Ground, stands 
the Confederate Monument, recently erected by the La- 
dies' Memorial Association, and which in point of beauty 
of df^sign and finish, compares favorably with any in the 
South, and will cost when completed $25,000. In this 
spot, with its surroundiug luxuriance of shrubbery and 
vegetation, the tourist will find much to charm and please 
the eye. 

Bonaventiire Ceisi^ery, oue of the loveliest 
spots in the world, has rural charms peculiar to itself. 
The long avenues, by the side of which the dead are 
sleeping are arched by the branches of great trees from 
v/hich the gray moss sweeps in heavy festoons. There 
are some noticeable monuments in this cemetery, which 
derives its name from the original tract of which it 
formed a part, and which was first settled in or about 
1670 by Col. John Mulryne, an Englishman. By the 
marriage of his daughter Mary in 1761 to Josiah Tatnall 
of Charleston, it came into possession of the latter family, 
and Gov. Tatnall of Georgia was born there in 1765. 
This marriage is of especial interest, as having, it is said, 
been the occasion of the planting of the great live oaks 
which now grace the spot. Tradition has it that they 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

were planted in the forms of the letters M and T — the 
initials of the bride's and groom's respective family 
names. 

In 1847 the estate passed into the hands of a Oapt. P. 
Wiltberger, and was by him adapted to its present use. 
His remains now rest within its limits. 

Tliunderbolt, a picturesque bluff, 8 miles from 
the city, from which a good view of the country can be 
obtained, is a favorite resort for pleasure parties. 

]floniiineilt§. A monument in honor of General 
Nathaniel Greene adorns Johnson Square. One to the 
memory of Count Pulaski is erected on the spot where 
he fell in the attack on the city in 1779. 

Th*^ Theatre is open during the winter season 
and presents the best musical and dramatic artists of the 
country in succession. 

Savannah enjoys an enviable reputation for salubrity. 
During the winter months .the hotels and private board- 
ing bouses are filled with JSTorthern visitors. The cli- 
mate is better suited to some invalids than points further 
South. Tourists bound to Florida usually sojourn a few 
days in Savannah to enjoy its genial weather and visit 
its places of interest. 



33 

Points of Froiinence in Florida and Sonttiern Georgia, on ttie 
Line of tlie Atlantic and &nif Railroad. 

This Railroad is the great connecting link between the 
Atlantic coast railroads from the North (via Savannah) 
and Southern Georgia and Florida. It affords a through 
railroad connection for passengers and freight between 
those flourishing sections and Baltim'ore, Philadelphia, 
New York and Boston. '^ 

The main trunk extends from Savannah to Bainbridge, 
on the Flint River, nearly to the Alabama State line, a 
distance of 236 miles. There are two branch roads; one 
beginning atDu Pont and extending to Live Oak, a distance 
of forty-eight miles, and connecting with the Jacksonville, 
Pensacola and Mobile Railroad ; and the other from Tkom- 
asville to Albany, Ga., a distance of fifty-eight miles 
The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad also connects at Jesup 
with the Macon and Brunswick R. R., and at Way Cross 
with the Brunswick and Albany R. R. ; passengers and 
freight are taken either for the coast, or for all points in 
Middle and Upper Georgia and Alabama. 

^^^^ — , 

The following are the stations on the Atlantic and Gulf 
Railroad after leaving Savannah : 

"Ways — 15^ miles from Savannah, 220^ miles 
from Bainbridge. Wood station. There are Presbyterian 
and Baptist Churches near here. The County seat of 
Bryan County is near here. Within one mile east of 
this station the road crosses the Great Ogeechee River. 
Some of the largest rice plantations in Georgia are 
situated on its banks. A short distance below the 
bridge the blockade runner, ** Rattlesnake," previously 
the *' Nashville," was sunk by the guns of the Federal 
fleet, then lying below Genesis Point. On this point was 
the Confederate battery, Fort McAllister^ which was cap- 



H GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

tured after a sharp fight, by Sherman's Army, on its 
'' march to the sea." 

Fieming — 24 miles from Savannah and 212 miles 
from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. About fifteen miles 
from here, on the shore, is the harbor of Sunbury, 
one of the best on the Georgia coast, and one of the ear- 
liest settlements in the State. Visitors may see there the 
old Sunbury Fort and have a fine view of St. Catherine's 
Sound. At Fleming are Methodist and Baptist Churches. 

Mclntosfe — 32 miles from Savannah and 204 
miles from Bainbridge. This station is two and one- 
half miles from the village of Flemington, Liberty County ; 
five miles from Hinesville, the County seat ; and ten miles 
from Riceboro, the head of water navigation on the North 
Newport River. 

WaltliOfirville — 39 miles from Savannah, 197 
miles from Bainbridge. The village of Walthourville is 
two miles from the station, and in ante bellum days 
was the summer residence of the wealthy planters of Lib- 
erty County. It was the birth-place of a number of the 
most eminent men of the State, and was noted for the 
intelligence and refinement of its society. Present popu- 
lation, 300. The place is a resort for invalids. There are 
good boarding houses kept by Messrs. Brown and Miller. 
Rates from ^1.50 to ^2.00 per day for transient visitors. 
The neighborhood abounds with deer and partridge. 
There are two churches in Walthourville, one Presbyterian 
and one Baptist. 

afotmston — 46 miles from Savannah, 190 miles 
from Bainbridge. Population, 150. The village con- 
tains a boarding-house, kept by Mrs. Johnston, two saw 
mills and a shingle mill near by. Plenty of game will 
be found in the vicinity. 

ypon leaving this statipn, the road descends into the 



* GUIDE TO FLORIDA, ^^ 

valley of the Altamaha River. This river is one of the 
largest in the State and is formed by the junction of the 
Oconee and Ocmulgee Rivers ; the former, navigable for 
steamboats to Dublin, and the latter to Macon. Darien, 
where a large trade is carried on in lumber and timber, 
lies near the mouth of the Altamaha. The Atlantic and 
Gulf Railroad crosses this stream upon a substantial lattice 
bridge of four spans, formed upon brick pieces of suffi- 
cient height for steamers to pass below. The swamp 
abounds in cypress and oak. The cypress is manufactured 
into shingles, and shipped to Macon, Savannah and North- 
ern ports, and quantities of oak staves are exported to 
France and Spain. 

I>OCtortoWll — 53 miles from Savannah, 183 
miles from Bainbridge. This station is near the site 
of an old Indian town, whicli was the abode of a famous 
"medicine man," whence the name of the station. 

Jesiip — 57 miles from Savannah, 179 miles from 
Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Junction of the Macon 
and Brunswick Railroad. Passengers take cars here for 
Macon, Atlanta, and all points in Middle and Northern 
Georgia, -Alabama and Tennessee. Connection is also 
made here with the growing and prosperous city of Bruns- 
wick, forty miles distant on the Atlantic coast. Po'pulation 
of Jesup, 600. The new hotel — the Altamaha — will ac- 
commodate TOO guests, has been fitted up with every 
comfort, and is well kept. It is the eating-house for 
both roads. The Wayne T7-iumph (weekly) is pubHshed 
here. 

Screven — 68 miles from Savannah, 168 miles 
from Bainbridge. Wood station. 

Upon the line of the road for the thirty miles west of 
this station, in the finest lumber region of the State, are 
situated eight or ten large circular saw i^^iiUs.- The 



36 GUIDE TO FLORIDA • 

lumber interest is annually increasing in importance, and 
adds largely to the revenues of this road. The shipments 
of lumber over the road have increased from 8,000,000 
feet in 1866, to 32,000,000 feet in 1871. Short lateral 
branches are being constructed into the virgin forests on 
either side of Jhe line, and it is probable that the annual 
shipments will continue to increase for many years to 
come. 

Pattersoil — 77 miles from Savannah, 159 miles 
from Bainbridge. There are three churches in the 
vicinity. 

iiliaclislieai* — S6 miles from Savannah, 150 miles 
from Bainbridge. Population," 800. County seat of 
Pierce County. There are in the village and vicinity four 
saw mills and a grist mill. The Knoles House (Mrs. Way) 
accommodates travelers at $2.50 per day or $7.00 per 
week. The country hereabouts is heavily timbered, and 
large quantities of round and square timber are cut and 
shipped. There is a Methodist Church in the village. 

Way Cross — 96 miles from Savannah, 140 miles from 
Bainbridge — Junction of the Brunswick and Albany R. R. 
— 57 miles from Brunswick. Population 600. County 
seat of Ware County. The town, which was laid out in 1 872, 
stands on a sandy ridge, with a clay sub-soil, and a clear, 
bold stream of running water on the south. There is a 
commodious hotel (board $2.00 per day or $30.00 per 
month), a fine Church (Methodist), a neat Academy and a 
number of beautiful residences. 

Tetoeawville — 97 miles from Savannah, 139 
miles from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Population 
about 100. Situated near the head of the great Okafono- 
kee Swamp, which abounds with game and fish, and is a 
lamous resort of ihe sportsman. The Railroad House at 
this station, kept by J. W. Remshart, will accommodate 
about thirty guests at ^2.00 per day, -\ 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 37 

Homersville — 122 miles from Savannah, 114 miles 
from Bainbridge. Population, 200. County seat of 
Clinch County. The Okafonokee Swamp is near by. 
Cowart's Hotel and Hodge's boarding house afford 
good accommodations to visitors and sportsmen. Sugar 
cane is raised to some extent on the neighboring plan- 
tations. 

JDu Pont — 131 miles from Savannah, 105 miles 
from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Junction with 
the Florida branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, 
(which see, at the end of this article.) The Railroad 
House accommodates travelers at $2.00 per day. In 
the village the Primitive Baptists have a small meeting- 
house. The climate here is agreeable and the water excel- 
lent. The country is heavily covered with yellow pine. 

I^tocliton — 139 miles from Savannah, 105 miles from 
Bainbridge. Wood station. 

I¥aylor — 144 miles from Savannah, 97 miles from 
Bainbridge. Population, about 75. There are two saw 
mills and a wool-carding establishment near here. 

Valdosta — 157 miles from Savannah, 79 miles from 
Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Population, 2000. County 
seat of Lowndes County. The largest town on the rail- 
road between Savannah and Thomasville. It ships about 
5000 bales of cotton per season, and contains several mills, 
five white and two negro Churches, and two good hotels, 
Stuart's Railroad Hotel and Tranquil Hall, where accom- 
modations may be had at ^^5.00 per week for permanent 
guests. The South Georgia Times is published here. In 
the neighborhood are many natural curiosities; one 
of the small rivers enters a cave and disappears. 
Ocean Pond and Long Pond, from three to five miles in 
extent, afford tjie best fresh-water fishing in Georgia. 

Frorn this station westward to Thomasville, the road 



38 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

passes throdgh a region which, perhaps, offers more 
inducements to emigration than any other part of Southern 
Georgia or Florida. It is a rolling country, well watered, 
and thickly wooded with yellow pine and other timber, 
There are many thrifty farmers engaged in planting cotton, 
corn and sugar cane, and in raising stock for the Savannah 
market. In summer the southerly winds are cooled in 
passing over the Gulf of Mexico, and the nights are 
always pleasant. Cases of malarial disease are rare, and 
mosquitoes are almost unknown. In short, there is no 
other part of the Southern country possessing the same 
advantages of climate, soil and productions, of health, 
proximity to schools, churches and centres of trade, where 
land can be purchased at as small a price as in this vicin- 
ity. The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad was only extended 
to Thomasville at the beginning of the late war, and as it 
is not on any of the great Southern Through Lines, it has 
in a great measure escaped the attention of persons going 
South in pursuit of health or seeking a home. 

Ousley — 1 66 miles from Savannah, 70 miles from 
Bainbridge. Population, 150. Travelers are accommo- 
dated by J. A. and W. H. Ousley. In the vicinity are 
several pretty lakes. 

\ Two miles west of this station the road crosses the 
Withlacoochee River, an affluent of the Suwanee. Upon 
its banks and near the road are two springs (one of them 
a sulphur spring), which enjoy quite a local reputation. 

Q,llitlll£l-fl — 174 miles from Savannah, 62 miles from 
Bainbridge. Telegraph office. One of the most flourishing 
towns ia Southern Georgia. Population, 1500. County 
seat of the fertile county of Brooks, which contains ten 
water and six steam mills. In Quitman are two carriage 
manufactories, a cotton arid wool Victory with a capital of 
^75,000; five fhnrches, belonging to the Methodists, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 39 

Baptists and Presbyterians ; thirty business houses, mostly 
built of brick, and three educational institutions ; the 
Lovick Pierce College with 60 students, Quitman Academy 
with 100 students, and the Howard Institute (colored) 
with 60 students. This young town was planned and the 
streets blazed out of the pine forests in i860. Two weekly 
papers, Gallaher's Independent and the Quitman Reporter^ 
both well conducted sheets, are published here. In the 
county is a partially explored cave, called the Devil's Hop- 
per, which is a great natural curiosity. The sulphur springs 
are four miles distant from the town. Travelers are ac- 
commodated at the City Hotel (D. U. McNeil), and Mc- 
intosh House (J. R. Edmonson). Rates $2.00 per day. 
>Uixie — 'iSi miles from Savannah, 55 miles fro hi 
Bainbridge. Bryan's Hotel has good accommodations at 
^1.50 per day. Near by is Dry Lake, a large and beauti- 
ful sheet of water, and a sink hole into which three rivers 
empty and show no outlet again. 

ISostOR — 188 miles from Savannah, 48 miles from 
Bainbridge. Population, 400. Ships 1800 bales of cotton. 
Several steam saw mills here, and Methodist, Baptist and 
Presbyterian churches. Boston is the proposed terminus 
of two new railroads ; one to St. Marys, Georgia, and the 
other to Greenfield, Georgia, and is growing rapidly. 

.ThOMiasville — 200 miles from Savannah, -T^d miles 
from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Junction with Albany 
branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, (which see, at 
the end of this article.) Population, 4000. County seat 
of Thomas County. The town is situated on the highest 
land between Savannah and the Flint River, and is 97 feet 
higher than Albany. It is the centre of a thriving trade 
and bids fair to become the most important town in 
Southern Georgia. Its location is dry and healthy, and 



40 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

it is tnerefore a favorite resort for Northern invalids. The 
streets are broad and beautifully shaded with evergreens. 
The town has Episcopal, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian 
and Roman Catholic churches ; five saw mills, a foundry 
and a tannery, and two newspapers, the Southern Enter- 
prise zxid. Thomasville Times. The South Georgia Agri- 
cultural and Mechanical Association holds its annual fairs 
here, generally continuing five days. The country around 
is cultivated with cotton and sugar, and is well settled. 
Travelers and invalids will find accommodations at the 
Gulf Railroad House, kept by G. W. Parnell, and Young's 
Hotel, by John McKinnon; charges $3.00 per day or 
$12.00 per week. At the boarding houses rates are from 
$20.00 to $25.00 per month. A Swiss Colony is success- 
fully engaged in the grape culture near Thomasville. 
Thomasville shipped about 12,000 bales of cotton last year. 
>Cairo — 214 miles from Savannah, 22 miles from Bain- 
bridge. Population 66. Boarding houses kept by W. T. 
Rigsby, William Powell and Wily Pearce. Rates ^i.oo 
per day. 

Wtlig'liSliH — 221 miles from Savannah, 15 miles from 
Bainbridge. A considerable trade done here with the 
surrounding country. ^ 

ClimSIX — 228 miles from Savannah, 8 miles from 
Bainbridge. Wood station. At this station the road 
descends westward into the valley of the Flint River. 

Ba.illbridg'e — 236 miles from Savannah. The 
Western terminus of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 
Telegraph office, and the head of navigation on the 
Flint River, which is navigable all the year. Steamboats 
make semi-weekly trips to Columbus, Georgia, on the 
Chattahoochee and Apalachicola, Florida, on the Gulf of 
Mexico. The population of Bainbridge is 2000. It con- 
tains a cotton factory, two steam saw mills, and three 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. ' 41 

churches. Two newspapers, the Southern Sun and the 
Argus are printed here. The neighboring lakes abound 
with fresh-water fish. The Sharon House, kept by John 
Sharon, is a first-class country house. Board ;ig3.oo per 
day, ^^15.00 per week. 

Bainbridge is the county seat of Decatur County. The 
local shipments of cotton are 11,000 bales. The steamers 
landing here bring about 16,000 bales per annum for ship- 
ment by rail to Savannah. The town is rapidly improving. 
It is also the terminus of the Bainbridge, Cuthbert and 
Columbus Railroad, (narrow gauge) now under construc- 
tion. 



From Du Pont, Georgia, to Live Oak, Florida. 

Dll Pont — 131 miles from Savannah, 132 miles from 
Jacksonville. The junction of the main trunk of the 
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad and the Florida Branch. 

Forrest — 143 miles from Savannah, 121 miles from 
Jacksonville. Wood station. 

Statcoville — 151 miles from Savannah, iii miles 
from Jacksonville. Population, about 50. The place con- 
tains Baptist and Methodist churches. 

Jasper — 163 miles from Savannah, 99 miles from 
Jacksonville. Population, 150. County seat of Jasper 
County. Invalids take conveyances here for the Upper 
White Sulphur Springs, 18 miles distant. The country here- 
about is pleasant and healthy. Visitors to Jasper can be 
accommodated at the Stewart House, kept by Judge H. J. 
Stewart, and the Hately House, by Mrs. Z. Hately. 
Charges, I15.00 to |;2o.ooper month, ^2.00 per day. 



42 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Su^ranee — 171 miles from Savannah, 90 miles 
from Jacksonville. Wood station. About one mile from 
his statio 1 is a most remarkable Sulphur spring, upon the 
rocky shore of the widely-sung ^'Suwanee Ribber," and 
embowered in the live-oak and magnolia trees which shade 
its placid surface. The spring is about fifteen feet deep 
and as many feet in diameter ; its crystal-pure waters, as 
they pour into the river, are so clearly separate from the 
dark current flowing down from the Okafonokee Swamp, 
that the line of demarkation may be observed for some 
distance below the spring. This spring is well known for' 
its efficiency in cases of rheumatism and dyspepsia, as is 
also the Upper White Sulphur, some miles farther up the 
river. 

liive Oak — 179 miles from Savannah, S^ miles from 
Jacksonville. Telegraph office. Junction with the Jack- 
sonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad. 



^MMsi^r ®mm^€m @f rmm ^wmm;^wi€ ^^m 



From Thomasville to Albany, Georgia. 

TllomasTillc — 200 miles from Savannah, 60 miles 
from Albany. Junction of the main trunk and the Albany 
Division of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 

Okloknee — 211 miles from Savannah, 49 miles from 
Albany. 

Pelliaill — 224 miles from Savannah. 36 miles from 
Albany. 

Camilla — 232 miles from Savannah, 28 miles from 
Albany. Telegraph office. Anew town, laid out in 1857, 
and growing rapidly. Population, 500. Ships 5000 bales 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 43 

of cotton. It is situated in the midst of a flourishing cot- 
ton region. The town contains several steam saw mills, 
two corn mills, Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian 
churches, two good hotels and a number of boarding 
houses. Prices at the former, per day ^2.00 to ;^2.5o; 
per week, ^5.00 to $6 00. County seat of Mitchell County. 
From this station to Albany the road runs near the east 
bank of the Flint River, and through an almost continuous 
belt of extensive and fertile cotton plantations. 

Baconton — 242 miles from Savannah, 18 miles from 

Albany. 

Hardaway — 252 miles from Savannah, 8 miles from 

Albany. 

Albany — Telegraph Office, 258 miles from Savannah 
and on the Flint River. The terminus of three railroads, 
the Albany Branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, the 
Brunswick and Albany Railroad to the Atlantic coast, and 
the South-western Railroad to Macon. Population, 3500. 
County seat of Dougherty County. This is also a new 
place and has risen to the dignity of an incorporated city. 
It contains a number of mills and foundries, seven churches, 
two newspapers, the News and Central City, and two ho- 
tels: the Central Hotel, kept by S. Atkinson, and the 
Albany House by M. Burnes. Rates $3.00 per day and 
$30.00 per month. Upland cotton is the staple product 
of the surrounding country. Blue Spring, three miles from 
Albany, is a bold stream, gushing from the earth, and 
abounding with fish. The many ponds in the county are 
supposed to have an underground connection with this 
spring. 



4V GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



From Quincy, via Live Oak, to Jacksonville, by the 
Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, 

The Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad con- 
nects the Apalachicola River in Western Florida with the 
Atlantic Ocean at Jacksonville, and therefore traverses the 
entire Northern section of the State, east of the Apalachi- 
cola. It also connects at Live Oak with the Atlantic and 
Gulf Railroad, and all stations in Georgia ; at Tallahassee 
with St. Marks and the Gulf of Mexico, and at Baldwin 
with Fernandina in the North and Cedar Keys in the 
South. >At present the road is in running condition from 
Quincy east to Jacksonville, a distance of 189 miles. The. 
road will be completed this winter to Chattahoochee, and 
the work of making the connection with Pensacola and 
Mobile will be pushed forward rapidly. 

The following are the stations on this road, going east : 
>C(uilIcy — 189 miles from Jacksonville. Telegraph 
office. Population, 800. County seat of Gadsden 
County. The Wiliard House, kept by Mrs. Willard, is 
recommended. Board, ;^3.oopei day. There is a board- 
ing-house kept by Mrs. Innes. Quincy has three churches : 
Methodist, Episcopal and Presbyterian. A weekly news- 
paper, the Quincy Journal, is published here. The 
village is situated in Gadsden County, which before 
the war cultivated fine Cuba tobacco on a large and remu- 
nerative scale. The early vegetable business is flourishing. 
The neighborhood of Mount Pleasant, 12 miles from 
Quincy, is engaged in the cultivation of the Scuppernong 
grape, and produces a wine equal to the best of the Cali- 



GUFDE TO FLORIDA 4? 

nornia and Ohio vintages. A number of Swedish immi- 
grants have settled in Gadsden County, and have done so 
well that a large party has been induced to join them. 
Quincy is 22 miles from Bainbridge, Georgia, and with it 
has daily stage communication. 

Tallahassee— 24 miles from Quincy, 165 from Jack- 
sonville (Telegraph office). Population 2,500. State capi- 
tal and Leon county seat. The city is healthfully located 
upon the summit of a short ridge in the centre of a fine 
farming country, containing some of the best rolling lands 
in the State. Leon county raises about- 12,000 bales of 
cotton annually. The climate is delightful, the summer 
heat being tempered by Gulf breezes. In the neighbor- 
hood of the city are Lakes Bradford, Jackson and Lafayette, 
all picturesque and beautiful bodies of water, and only six- 
teen miles distant are the celebrated Wakulla Springs, 
through the crystal waters of which one can plainly discern 
objects on the bottom, 130 feet below. Tallahassee boasts 
two newspapers, the Floridian and the Sentinel^ a well kept 
hotel (the City) accommodating 150 guests, and kept by 
Mr. W. P. Slusser (board $3 per day), and in addition to 
the State House, numerous neat and tasteful edifices, pub- 
lic and private. During the past year, too, a grand impetus 
has been given to its manufacturing industries. A cotton 
mill, established by the Tallahassee Manf g Co., is in active 
and prosperous operation, and the car shops of the J. P. & 
M. R. R. employ numerous hands in the construction of 
baggage, mail and express cars, containing all modern im- 
provements. Emigration from the North in this section of 
Florida has of late begun to assume surprising dimensions, 
several large colonies having already settled or purchased 
in the immediate vicinity. For Northern Florida in gene- 



^6 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

ral, and Tallahassee in particular, a new era of prosperity 
seems now to be dawning. 

ITIonticello Junction — 51 miles from Quincy, 
138 miles from Jacksonville. Connection is had here with 
the town of Monticello, county seat of Jefferson County, 
which is the terminus of a branch road, four and a quarter 
miles distant. The population of Monticello is about 2000. 
Telegraph office. The Monticello Advertiser is published 
here, and there are Episcopalian, Methodist, Baptist and 
Presbyterian churches. The principal hotel is the Monti- 
cello, with good accommodations, and kept by Mrs. M. 
A. Madden. Board and lodging may be had for $25.00 
per month. Lake Miccosukie is in this vicinity. Its 
banks are famous in the ancient history of Florida, as the 
camping ground of De Soto ; and in modern history, as 
the field of a sanguinary battle between General Jackson 
and the Miccosukie tribe of Indians. 

Monticello is twenty miles distant from Dixie, on the 
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 

Alicilla — 58 miles from Quincy and 131 miles from 
Jacksonville. 

Qoodman— 65 miles from Quincy and 124 miles 
from Jacksonville. These two stations are shipping points 
for a fine planting country. 

jfladii^on — 79 miles from Quincy and no miles from 
Jacksonville. Telegraph office. Population between 700 
and 800. County seat of Madison County. The village 
contains Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian churches. 
The lands hereabouts are good, and there is considerable 
early garden truck raised for the Northern markets. The 
Phoenix Mills in the village are of large capacity. Trav- 
elers can be accommodated at the house of Mr. W. E. 
Howells, at $2.50 per day. In the County of Madison the 
beautiful Lakes Rachel and Mary Frances, and Cherry 
Lake are situated. ^ They abound with fish. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 47 

Iillaville — 94 miles from Quincy and 95 miles from 
Jacksonville. An extensive lumbering place ; situated on 
the Suwanee River, which empties into the Gulf of Mex- 
ico. Population, about 500. There are large saw mills at 
this place, whose cutting capacity is fifty thousand feet 
daily, also planing and grist mills. A boarding house in 
the village is kept by Mrs. Drew. The church is used by 
all denominations. 

I^ive Oak — 107 miles from Quincy and 82 miles 
from Jacksonville. The junction with the Atlantic and 
Gulf Railroad to Savannah, and all railroad points North. 
Telegraph office. Countyseatof Suwanee County. Popula- 
tion, 800. The village contains a saw mill, a planing mill, 
a manufactory and a church, which is used alternately by 
the Episcopalians, Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians. 
The Live Oak Herald \?, published here. Conner's Hotel 
affords good accommodations. Fare, $3.00 per diem. 
There is a private boarding house kept by Mrs. McLarran. 
Near the village are many waterfalls, some of them very 
pretty. The site of Live Oak was once an Indian camping 
ground. .The Live Oak Times is published here. 

lil^ellboiril — 119 miles from Quincy and 71 miles 
from Jacksonville. Passengers going to White Sulphur 
Springs stop here. Population, 350. Wellborn is situated 
on the highest point above the level of the Gulf, on this 
railroad. It is in a healthy country and a resort for inva- 
lids. The celebrated White Sulphur Springs on the 
Suwanee River, are eight miles distant. They are much 
used by sufferers from dyspepsia and rheumatism. Lake 
Wellborn and several other inland sheets of water, are in 
this neighborhood, and are well stocked with fish. The 
village contains two churches, one used by the Baptists, 
and the other by the Methodists and Presbyterians. Trav- 
elers and invalids are accommodated at the houses of H. 



48 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

D. Kigsbee, S. L. Williams and others. Rates, ^1.50 
daily, ^7.00 to ^8.00 weekly, ^20.00 to ^30.00 monthly. 

l^ake City — 130 miles from Quincy and 59 miles 
from Jacksonville. Telegraph office. A city of 2000 
inhabitants. An United States signal service station and 
the seat of justice of Columbia County. The place con- 
tains cotton, saw and grist mills ; and seven churches be- 
longing to the Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist, 
Episcopalian and Baptist denominations. The Lake City 
Press, edited by Captain E. W. Davis, is published here. 
Lakes Isabella, De Soto and Hamburg are within the city 
limits, and Indian Lake within a quarter of a mile. There 
is a chalybeate (iron, sulphur and magnesia) spring, about 
half a mile from the city, and one of the best sulphur 
springs in the South within 12 miles. The lakes and 
streams are stocked with trout, bream, perch, (mawmouth, 
speckled, sand and mud) gar and other varieties of fish ; 
and the surrounding country with deer, bears, wild turkeys, 
partridges, snipe, (English and gray) and wild ducks. 
Every planter has from one to two dozen orange trees. 
The dim remains may be seen, about h:.If a mile from Lake 
City, of trenches built by De Soto in his conflicts with the 
Indians over three hundred years ago. The city has three 
hotels, the Cathey House by J. W. Cathey, Hancock 
House by Mrs. Ashurst, and Thrasher House by T. B. 
Thrasher, each containing from 25 to 30 rooms. 

^Olustee — 142 miles from Quincy and 47 miles from 
Jacksonville. Olustee is the site of the most important 
battle fought in Florida during the late civil war. Major 
General Trueman Seymour, with a large body of United 
States troops, in February, 1864, marched from Jackson- 
ville, westward, and at this place encountered the Confed- 
erate army under Brigadier-General Joseph Finegan. A 
desperate battle ensued, which lasted all day, and was 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 49 

characterized by great bravery on both sides. General 
Seymour was beaten, and retreated from the fieldj aban- 
doning his dead and wounded to the enemy. His loss 
was 1 200, including Colonel P>ibley, of the negro troopsj 
killed. Finegans's loss was 250. The Confederate cavalry 
pursued General Seymour as far as Baldwin, picking up 
many prisoners. 

iSandersoII — 152 miles from Quincy and 37 miles 
from Jacksonville. Telegraph Office. County seat of 
Baker County. 

Baldwin — 170 miles from Quincy and 19 miles 
from Jacksonville. Telegraph Office. Junction with the 
Florida Railroad, connecting with Fernandina and the 
Atlantic Ocean on the north, and Cedar Keys and the 
Gulf of Mexico, on the south. (See article on the Florida 
Railroad.) The telegraph line to Cuba branches off at 
this station. 

White House — 178 miles from Quincy and 11 
miles from Jacksonville. 

JacksoiITille — 189 miles from Quincy. Termi- 
nus of the Ji P. & M. Railroad. Telegraph Office. Boats 
for all points on the St. Johns River, and connecting with 
the St. Augustine Railroad at Tocoi, are taken here. (See 
article on the St. Johns River.) 

From Tallahassee to St. Marks. 

A branch railroad of 21 miles in length, connects Tal- 
lahassee with the port of St. Marks, on the Gulf of 
Mexico. 

St. ITIarks— 21 miles from Tallahassee. Telegraph 
Office. A small settlement. Connection is made here 
with steamers for New Orleans^ Pensacola, Apalachicola, 
Cedar Keys, Key West and H*vana. (See advertisement.) 



so GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



From Fernandina, via Baldwin, to Cedar Keys, 

BY THE Atlantic, Gule and West India 

Transit Co*s Railroad. 

The Florida Railroad stretches across the State, from 
the city of Fernandina in the extreme north-east, to Cedar 
Keys on the Gulf of Mexico, 154 miles south-west; thus 
connecting the waters of the Gulf and the Atlantic with 
an iron link. The road is well built and comfortable, and 
passes through some of the most picturesque parts of 
Florida. Through trains leaving daily from either termi- 
nus make the passage in twe 

The following are the stations on this route : 
Fernandina — Telegraph Office. An old but 
thriving city ; situated on the inner or western shore of 
Amelia Island, and at the mouth of the Amelia River, 
which divides it from the main land, and forms, with Cum- 
berland Sound, one of the best and safest seaports on the 
Atlantic coast, south of the Virginia capes. The city was 
built by the Spaniards. For many years it languished, 
but the completion of the railroad connection with the 
Gulf of Mexico gave it a new start, and it is now one of 
the most promising cities in the South. The population is 
about 2500. The harbor of Fernandina is so capacious, 
that, during the war of 181 2, when the town was Spanish 
and neutral, more than three hundred square-rigged 
\'essels were congregated together in its waters at one 
time. The harbor is land-locked, aud indeed can hold 
immense fleets in safety from the raging gales of the Atlan- , 
tic outside. Vessels drawing 19 or 20 feet can cross the 
bar at high tide, while vessels of the deepest draught can 
unload at the wharves. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 51 

The lumber interest in this city is very considerable and 
is increasing. There are four large saw mills in operation, 
and others are contemplated. English capital has lately 
started a large cotton-ginning establishment, and there is a- 
prospect of the town becoming a large depot for Govern- 
ment naval stores. It is to the market gardener that the 
neighborhood of Fernandina offers the greatest induce- 
ments. Vegetables can be raised, particularly in the win- 
ter season, so much earlier than at the North, that they are 
a very profitable article of shipment to New York. 

) Fernandina has seven churches, one Episcopal, one 
Presbyterian, two Methodist, two Baptist and one Roman 
Catholic. It is the seat of the Episcopal Bishoprick of 
Florida. A large and flourishing academy for young 
ladies is under the charge of the Bishop. There is one 
newspaper published in the city, entitled the Fernandina 
Observer. A good first-class hotel is greatly needed in^ 
Fernandina, and any capitalist would find the establishment 
of such a house abundantly remunerative. At present the 
rates charged per day are from $2.00 to $3.50, but there 
are numerous boarding houses where liberal terras can be 
made by the week or month. The healthfulness of Fer- 
nandina cannot be surpassed in the South, The cool sea 
breeze in summer makes it a delightful residence, while the 
general mildness of the climate in winter renders it equally 
attractive. 

Direct communication is had with all the principal! 
railroad points in Florida and seaports to the northward j; 
and a new railroad is contemplated from Fernandina tO) 
Jacksonville, which will lessen the traveling distance be- 
tween that place and Savannah. Besides its pleasant 
climate, Fernandina has, in its neighborhood, some places 
of historical interest and natural beauty, which make it 



52 ' GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

attractive to visitors. The magnificent sea beach affords 
at low v/ater a drive of eighteen miles on a road as smooth 
and hard as the bed of a billiard table. An interesting 
excursion is to Dungeness, — miles distant ; the seat of 
the illustrious General Nathaniel Greene of Revolutionary 
memory. The estate was presented to the General by the 
people of Georgia, in recognition of his services as com- 
mander of the Southern provincial army during the most 
critical period of the st'-uggle. It consists of about 
10,000 acres, and has been iaid out with great taste and 
care. The gardens are superb. The visitor can see here 
how the olive flourishes in the South, making beautiful 
groves traversed by avenues ; also avenues of live oaks, 
those giants of the forest, hanging with the sombre though 
graceful Spanish moss, which droops in long festoons from 
every limb. On the beach, about half a mile from the 
Dungeness mansion, may be seen the grave of General 
Henry Lee, of Virginia, the famous " Light Horse Harry " 
of the Revolution. He died at this place in March, 1818, 
aged 6t, years. A headstone, erected by his son. General 
Robert E. Lee, the Commander-in-chief of the Confed- 
erate armies, marks the spot where the hero is buried. 

Hart's Road— 12 miles from Fernandina, 143 
jiiles from Cedar Keys. Wood station. 

Callahan — 27 miles from Fernandina, 127 miles from 
Cedar Keys. Junction point of the Great Southern R. R. 
from Jesup to Jacksonville, now under construction. The 
village has two churches. The station is situated on an 
extensive marl bed, and is surrounded by a valuable forest 
of yellow pine, cypress, live oak, white oak, &c. Travel- 
ers who have a curiosity to see live rattlesnakes can gratify 
it in the woods hereabouts. 

Baldirin — Telegraph Office. 47 miles from Fer- 
nandina, 107 miles from Cedar Keys. The junction with 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. ^^ 

the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Florida Railroad. The 
City of Jacksonville is only 20 miles distant. Population 
of this settlement, about 150. It contains two hotels, the 
Baldwin House and the Florida House, which have 
accommodations for 100 guests. 

Trail Ridg-e — 62 miles from Fernandina, 92 miles 
from Cedar Keys. 

Starke— 73 miles from Fernandina, 81 miles from 
Cedar Keys. Population, 250. There is a church in the 
village, and three within the distance of a mile,' all Meth- 
odist. No hotel, but a good boarding house, kept by Mrs. 
T. B. Hoyt, who charges ;^i.5o per day or ^25 per month. 
There are a number of lakes from two and a-half to ten 
miles distant, some of them large with very clear water. 
Game is scarce, but fresh water fish abound in the lakes. 
This part of Florida is principally inhabited by small far- 
mers, who cultivate the sea island cotton, corn, sugar cane, 
sweet oranges, peaches and a variety of garden pro- 
ductions. 

Waldo — 84 miles from Fernandina and 70 miles from 
Cedar Keys. Junction of the railroad now being con- 
structed to Tampa Bay. Population, about 125. Has 
two Baptist and one Methodist churches. No hotel, but 
board can be obtained in private families, at from ;^i5,oo 
to ;^2o.oo per month. The village has two mills for gin- 
ning cotton. Santa Fe Lake is about two miles distant. 
It is about nine miles long and four wide, and affords 
excellent facilities for boating .and fishing. About six 
miles from Waldo there is a natural sink in the land cover- 
ing about two acres. A stream runs into it continually, 
and yet there is no visible outlet. The Santa Fe River 
disappeiirs several miles from the village, and flows under 
ground, thus forining a natural bridge. The lakes and 



54 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

creeks here about are filled -with trout and perch, and the 
woods with deer, ducks, quails, etc. This neighborhood 
is remarkable for its healthfulness. The only local dis- 
ease is the malarial fever, which prevails during the later 
months of summer, but which is in a mild form and easily 
controlled by remedies. The climate is peculiarly adapted 
to sufferers from diseases of the lungs, the air being, dry 
and pleasant. 

Gainesville — 96 miles from Fernandina, 55 miles 
from Cedar Keys. Telegraph Office. The largest and 
most im-portant station on the Florida Railroad, and a 
favorite resort for invalids. County seat of Alachua 
County. Population, 1500. The town contains Presbyte- 
jrian, Baptist, Methodist and Episcopalian churches, three 
iflourishing academies, two newspapers, the Independent, 
irepublican, and the New Era, conservative, and three 
ihotels with good accommodations. The latter are : Oak 
Hall, Colonel Lemuel Wilson, proprietor ; Exchange 
~ Hotel, P. Shemwell, proprietor; Beville House, Mrs, S, 
P. Beville; board, ^2.00 to ^3.00 per day, or ^25.00 to 
;^3o.oo per month. There are tAvo livery stables, affording 
.ample means for conveyance into the interior and to the 
natural curiosities with which the vicinity abounds. ^ The 
Alachua, a body of water, termed in Florida, a ''sink," 
is the recipient of several streams, with a subterranean 
passage to the ocean. It is filled with alligators and all 
kinds of fish, and the surrounding scenery is very charm- 
ing and romantic. In Alachua County there is a large 
and, beautiful prairie, twenty miles long and five miles 
wide. The county is the largest in the State, with a pop- 
ulation of 20,000. There are twenty-eight public schools. 
A tri-weekly mail line starts from Gainesville for Tampa 
on the Gulf. Passengers are taken. There is plenty of 
game in the woods. Oranges, lemons, limes, grapes^ 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA 55 

bananas, and peaches thrive here. Peach trees sometimes 
bear at the age of fifteen months, a thing unknown in any 
other section of the Union. Garden truck is raised in 
abundance for the Northern' markets. Immigrants are 
welcomed. Land from 75 cents to ^50.00 per acre. New- 
mansville and Micanopy are important towns in the county, 
Which have stage connections with Gainesville. 

Archer — 113 miles from Fernandina, and 41 miles 
from Cedar Keys. The Suwanee River is distant about 
25 miles. Population, 200. No hotels, but travelers are 
accommodated at the houses of Joseph S. McDonell and 
Mrs. Young. There are three Methodist and one Baptist 
churches. Hereabouts are magnificent pine forests and 
beautiful prairie views. 

BrORSOn — 122 miles from Fernandina, and 32 miles 
from Cedar Keys, A new place, settled mostly since 
the war. Population about 100, It is the county seat of 
Levy County. There is one church (Methodist), and a 
hotel of limited capacity, the Jackson House, but the fare 
is excellent. Board can be obtained in private families at 
about ;^i.oo per day. Twelve miles from the village is an 
inexhaustible bed of iron ore, which has not yet been 
worked. The railroad here passes through some of the 
finest land in the State, the Gulf hummock, adapted for 
the culture of sugar cane, cotton, corn, &c. In the 
neighboring creeks, besides many varieties of fish, there 
are an abundance of soft-shell turtles, which, when prop- 
erly prepared, make a very savory and delicious dish. 

Otter Creek — 135 miles from Fernandina, 19 miles 
from Cedar Keys. 

Palmetto — 144 miles from Fernandina, 10 miles 
from Cedar Keys. 

'Cedar Keys — 154 mil^s from Fernandina, 126 miles 
from Jacksonville. The Gulf of Mexico terminus of the 



56 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Florida Railroad. Regular packet steamers connect here 
with New Orleans, Key West and Havana. Population, 
400. There are two hotels, the Gulf House, fare ^^2.50, 
and the Exchange, ^3.00 per day. The Suwanee River en- 
ters the Gulf eighteen miles west of Cedar Keys, and the 
Withlacooche, eighteen miles south. The former is 
navigable to Ellaville. Cedar Keys is situated on a fine, 
large bay, which affords excellent facilities for bathing, 
boating and fishing. 

jThe New Orleans, Florida and Havana Steamship Com- 
pany dispatch one of the steamers of their line every 
vSaturday morning for Havana, New Orleans and Key 
West. Passengers desiring to go by these steamers should 
be in Cedar Keys on Friday night. 



This grand water-course of Eastern Florida, has itii 
source in the springs and swamps of the southern extremity 
of the peninsula, and flowing northward, for a distance of 
four hundred miles, turns abruptly eastward in the neigh' 
borhood of Jacksonville, and empties into the Atlantic 
Ocean. Its whole course lies through an extremely level 
region. For one hundred and fifty miles it has an average 
width of more than one and a-half miles, and is said to 
carry a volume of water much larger than does the Rio 
Grande, which is one thousand miles long. In some 
places it expands to a width of six miles, nor does it con- 
tract at any point to less than a mile, below Lake George. 

Many of the tributaries of the St. Johns are navigabU 
to quite a distance by steaniboats, and it is believed that 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 57 

this river and its navigable branches give one thousana miles 
of water transportation. The river scenery is not only 
beautiful, but to the stranger's eye, has the additional 
charm of novelty. The luxuriance of the tropical vegeta- 
tion, the pretty villages nestling amid magnificent shade 
trees or orange groves along the banks, and the broad, 
placid waters through which the steamer ploughs its way,, 
combine to make a picture of surpassing loveliness. 

The banks of the St. Johns are the principal attraction . 
to the invalids coming to Florida in search of a balmy 
climate, change of scene and pleasant surroundings. , 
Thousands of visitors from the North are scattered among 
its towns and villages every winter. "he means of access 
are easy and comfortable. Large steamers ascend as far 
as Palatka, from which smaller steamers continue the tour- 
ist's journey on the St. Johns to Lake Monroe, and on the 
Oclawaha River to Silver Springs, and the interior lake 
country. 

There are two dnily Ymes from Jacksonville to Palatka 
Hampton an^l Sappho, leaving t 9.00 A.M. In addition, 
Brocks & Ooxetler's daily line to Enterprise and inter- 
mediate landings, leaving at 11.00 A. M., as follows : 

Starlight, Mondays and Thursdays; Hattie, Tuesdays 
and Fridays; D vid Clark, "Wednesdays and Saturdays. 
Steamer Geo. M. Bird, on arrival of A. M. trains, every 
Wednesday and Saturday from Enterprise and Elver 
landings. Steamer Hattie Barker leaves 9.30 A. M. 
Tuesdays and Fridays, ior Melvonville and intermediate 
landings. Oanie leaves Thursdays, for Enterprise and 
intermediate landings. 

Pioneer Line, Steamers Volusia and Daylight. Vol- 
usia leaves every Saturday at 11.00 A. M., and Daylight 
every Tuesday at 11.00 A. M., for Enterprise, Lake 
Jesup and Lake Harney, connecting there with Hacks, 
&c. to Indian Elver. The Lollie Boy, Tuskawilla, Oka- 
humkee and other Steamers are also engaged in trans- 
porting passengers and freight to points on the St, John *s 
f^lid Ocklawh^ HiyeTs, 



S8 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

General Sketcll. — County seat of Duval County, 
situated 25 miles from the mouth of the St. Johns River on 
its western bank. The commercial emporium of East 
Florida, and the largest city on the Atlantic coast of the 
United States south of Savannah ; it is the chief objective 
point of tourists to the Land of Flowers. The city is regu- 
larly incorporated, has a Mayor and Board of Aldermen, 
and is the seat of the United States District Court and of 
the Federal Customs and Internal Revenue Offices. Its 
streets have been regularly laid out, with fine sidewalks 
and shade trees, and numerous structures, public and pri- 
vate, bespeak its wealth and importance. Within its limits 
are twelve Churches, three being Baptist, three Methodist, , 
cwo Episcopalian, two Presbyterian, one Roman Catholic 
ind one Second Advent, 

Originally named in honor of General Andrew Jackson, 
the place remained a small village, though considerably re- 
sorted to by invalids for half a century past, until the close 
of the late war. A census taken by Ex-Senator Osborne, 
in chaige of the Freedmen's Bureau in Florida, in 1866, 
showed a population of less than 1700, most of them ragged 
blacks. To- day there is a permanent population of nearly 
1^,000, and while then there were but five brick buildings 
in the place there are now to be seen long rows of stores, 
rivaUng thosi. of the Metropohs in the variety of the stocks 
and the richness of display. No such ratio of growth can 
be shown by any other city of the Union. 

Topograply and Siitinrtos. The rapid growth 
of Jacksonville har caused it to extend along the bank of 
the St. Johns RivCx for more than four miles, calling into 
existence East Jacksonville, Oakland, Wyoming, pn the 
§ast, and La Axilla, Brooklyn ^nd Riy^rsi^^ on th^ Wfst, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 59 

Springfield, a locality in the North of Jacksonville, of 
more recent growth, is expected to be in time the centre 
of the growth of fashionable residences of JSTorthern so- 
journers. The land here slopes from a considerable 
height southward to Hogan's Creek, the city limit, and 
commands a fine view of the St. John's River and sur- 
rounding country. The villages of Riverside, Reed's 
Landing, South Shore and Alexandria are reached by 
ferryboat. Land at either of the points mentioned can 
be advantageously purchased, and tlie attention of 
Northern capitalists has of late years been largely di- 
rected to its value as an investment. 

Streets — The principal business thoroughfare is 
Bay Street, and from this, at right angles, branch off the 
other Streets of Jacksonville. Bay Street, for a distance 
of three-quarters of a mile, is built up on both sides with 
solid brick business houses, and is a leading feature of 
interest to visitors. 

Hotels — As might be naturally inferred, a winter re- 
sort so generously patronized as Jacksonville, abounds in 
the best of hotel accommodations and boarding houses, 
where visitors may find all the comforts and conve- 
niences of life. Prominent among the hotels may be 
mentioned the St. James (J. R. Campbell, Manager), 
Grand National Hotel (Geo. McGinly, Proprietor), Carle- 
ton House (Stimpson, Devernel & Davis, Proprietors), 
Windsor Hotel, Metropolitan, Moncrief and St. John's 
are also commodious and well kept houses. 

Educational Estafclishments— Both the Pro- 
testant and Iloman Catholic portions of the community 



6o GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

are furnished with the means of careful education. For 
the former St. Mary's Priory, under the personal supervision 
of the Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese, and for the latter, 
the St. Joseph's Academy, under the Lady Superior, as- 
sisted by the Sisters of the Order of St. Joseph, offer com- 
plete courses of study and discipline, without sectarian 
proselytism, to those whose children's health demand a 
southern climate. 

Commerce and industries. As a trade centre, 
this city must, as the outlet for the immense lumber busi- 
ness of the State on the one hand, and its chief port of 
entry for the merchandise of the world on the other, nec- 
essarily retain its pre-eminence, and continually attract 
to its counters the business of dealers from the interior, who, 
even now, rarely go as they did once to Savannah or 
Charleston to buy their goods. Jacksonville merchants 
show in this, and many other regards, the enterprise which 
not only deserves but commands success. There are nine 
large saw mills in operation, for instance, while many 
others located along the thousand miles of inland naviga- 
ble water ship their lumber from this port. This fact alone 
also serves to show the immense inland wealth of this re- 
gion awaiting development at the hands of enterprise and 
capital. 

Banking facilities are offered at the Banking Houses of 
D. G. Ambler and Denny & Brown, both on Bay street. 
There is a Freedman's Saving Bank situated on the corner 
of Ocean and Bay Streets, and a New National Bank is 
this year to be started. Among the industrial enterprises 
may be especially mentioned the manufacture from the 
palmetto leaf of a fine quality of bank note paper. A shoe 
factory and a cotton factory are both talked of, and, more 
important than all, direct steamship communication with 
New York is seriously contemplated for the coming season, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 6i 

Nor should mention be forgotten of the novel industry of 
wild orange champagne manufacture, recently entered up- 
on by Mr. J. H. Paine, a chemist, who has lately made 
Jacksonville his home. From the refuse of the wine pro- 
cess he also eliminates a valuable wax, and an essential oil 
which commands a high price. 

Tlie Fire Department of Jacksonville is, in its 
apparatus SLud J>ersonel, another unmistakable evidence of 
the city's enterprise, and includes in its equipage two fine 
Amoskeag engines and several handsome hose carriages 
and trucks. 

Points of Interest. A visit to Jacksonville 
would be incomplete without a drive out by the magnifi- 
cent shell road, cut one hundred feet wide through the pine 
forest, a distance of four miles, to the now famous Mon- 
crief's Springs, the waters of which possess rare medicinal 
virtues, especially beneficial for sufferers by malarial com- 
plaints. The place is said to have derived its name from 
a French Jew who, having married an Indian maiden, was 
here robbed and slain by her relatives. Recently a com- 
pany was formed, with the Mayor of Jacksonville at its 
]iead, for the purpose of improving the grounds about the 
springs, and rendering them a pleasant resort for Jack- 
sonvi'le visitors. Two fine baths, or pools, have been es- 
tablished with dressing rooms attached; a restaurant, 
pavilion and orchestra stand have been erected, and now 
there are few, if any, pleasanter springs than Moncrief s to 
be found anywhere throughout the South. 

Visitors desiring to carry home mementoes of Jackson- 
ville, will find at the gallery of Messrs. Wood & Bickle, on 
Bay street, a fine assortment of stereoscopic views of the 
many interesting points in arid about the city. 

At B ^ n Greenleafs Museum of Florida Curiosities, 
lilso on Bay street, they may pass, too, an instructive and en- 



-62 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

tertaining visit in inspecting his valuable collection of lifv- 
ing reptiles, birds and wild animals. This museum, where 
crowds daily assemble, is among the fashionable re-sorts of 
the city during the winter season. 



Daily Line Between Jacksoiirille and Palatka. 

— The Old Dominion Steamship Company's New and 
Elegant Saloon Steamer Hamptoi^, Capt. A. W. Starke, 
Purser, James M. G-allagher, will leate Clark's Wharf, 
Jacksonville, daily, 9.00 A. M. (Sundays excepted) for 
Palatka, touching both ways at Green Cove Springs and. 
Tocoi, connecting at the latter place with trains to and 
from St. Augustine, and at Palatka with the U. S. Mail 
Steamer " Pastime, " tri weekly, for Entetprise and in- 
termediate landings on the upper St. John's. 

JOHN GLARE, Agent, Jacksonville, Fla 



The St. Johns River — Continued. 

mulfocrry Orove — The first landing-place after 
leaving Jacksonville, 12 miles distant, on the west bank. 
A beautiful grove. 

jncHldarin — 15 miles from Jacksonville, on the 
x:3st bank, a village of 200 inhabitants, one of the old- 
est settlements on the river ; has several stores and two or 
three fine orange groves. This place is of interest to 
Northern visitors as being the winter residence of .Mrs. 
Harriet Beecher Stowe. Her house is near the bank, a 
few rods to the left of the shore end of the pier. It is a 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 63 

moderate-sized cottage of dark brown color. A Catholic 
Convent has recently been established at this point by the 
Bishop of Florida, and is now. inhabited by the Sisters. 

Hlbernia — 25 miles from Jacksonville, on the west 
bank. This is quite a resort for invalids. Mrs. Fleming 
has a large, commodious house, which will accommodate 
about forty boarders and is one of the first to fill up. 

i^lag^nolia. — 28 miles from Jacksonville, on the west 
bank ; a beautiful place, with a fine hotel kept by Mr. 
Houghton. With the contiguous cottages about eighty 
guests can be accommodated. Near by is Magnolia Point, 
o:ie of the highest points of land extending into the river 
between Jacksonville and Piilatka. A short distance north 
of Magnolia Point a navigable stream, called Black Creek, 
empties into the St. Johns. Small steamers from Jackson- 
ville make weekly trips up Black Creek as far as Middle- 
burg. Large quantities of lumber are floated down this 
stream to a market. The banks abound with alligators. 

Crrecn Cove l^pring^S — 30 n^-iles from Jacksonville, 
on the west bank ; one of the most popular resorts on the river. 
The Union House will accommodate comfortably about fii:y 
guests. There are other hotels and several good boarding houses. 
Rates at the hotels, ^3.00 per day; at the boarding houses, 
per week, ^10 to ^15. One of the attractions at this place 
is the Spring, which is held in high esteem for its health- 
giving qualities. The water has a temperature of about 75 
degrees ; is as clear as crystal and has a slight sulphurous 
taste, not unpleasant. Facilities are afforded to both sexes 
for bathing at the Spring. Green Cove promises to be- 
come in time a flourishing and populous village. 

Ilog^arth^S Wharf— 35 miles from Jacksonville, 
Qii the east bank ; a post-office and wood landing. 



64 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

PlCOlata. — 45 miles from Jacksonville, on the east 
bank. This small settlement is the site of an ancient 
Spanish city, of which scarce one vestige remains. Two 
centuries ago, it was the main depot of supply for the 
Spanish plantations of the up country, and through it,were 
shipped to St. Augustine and abroad, such products as the 
settlers raised. The Franciscan monks erected a splendid 
£hurch here and some religious houses for their order. 
Opposite Picolata, on the we;>tern bank, are the remains of 
a great eartliwork fort belonging to the Spanish era. 

Tocoi — 53 miles from Jacksonville, on the east bank. 
The depot of the St. Augustine Railroad. The distance 
to St: Augustine is 15 miles, and trains connecting with 
the river boats run through in 40 minutes. Before the use 
of locomotives the time required to make this journey was 
two hours. There are a few objects of interest to be seen in 
the time allowed here, and the restaurant of Mr. Thomas 
can be recommended to tourists. 

PalatLa — 75 miles from Jacksonville, west bank. 
Population 1000 (Telegraph office). It is the largest town 
on the St. Johns above Jacksonville, and is the head of 
navigation for ocean steamers, which here transfer their 
freight and passengers for the upper St. Johns and Ockla- 
waha rivers. It occupies an elevated site, and extends 
about half a mile along the bank. The town has numerous 
stores doing a good business, two hotels, the St. Johns, (a 
first-class house, conducted by P. & H. Petermann,) and 
the Putnam House, a weekly paper, the Eastern Herald, a 
ship yard, and several mills and other industries. The 
business houses are large and attractive in appearance, and 
the wharves, which are numerous, are lined with commo- 
dious warehouses, in which is constantly stored merchandise 
from most of the Atlantic seaports. Palatka is an impor- 
tant^ commercial point, and is each year becoming more so, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. '65 

Steamers run from Palatka to Dunn's Lake, and also up 
the Ocklawaha River to Silver Springs, Ocala, and the head 
of navigation, a distance of 1 80 miles. Opposite to Palat- 
ka, a distance of a mile and a half, and accessible by boat 
at all times, is Col. Hart's famous Orange Grove of six 
acres, said to be the most highly cultivated of any in the 
South. In different parts of the grove can be seen every 
variety of tropical fruit, including a fine grove of bananas. 
From a single orange tree Col. Hart gathered last year 4500 
oranges. No visitor staying over a day at Palatka should 
fail to visit this beautiful spot. 

Welaka — 100 miles from Jacksonville and 20 miles 
from Palatka, on the east bank, is the site first, of an old 
Tndian village, and afterwards, of a flourishing Spanish 
settlement. It is near the entrance to Dunn's Lake, and 
also to the Ocklawaha River. The scenery along the 
Ocklawaha is very wild and picturesque, and is much ad- 
mired by tourists. There are some magnificent planta- 
tions on the banks, and large quantities of cotton and 
sugar are raised. Silver Spring is a basin of beautiful, 
clear and deep water. This the site of a Seminole village 
of 600 inhabitants. 

liake €reor^e — After leaving Welaka, the river 
widens into Little Lake George, four miles wide and seven 
miles long, and then into Big Lake George, one of the 
loveliest sheets of water in the world ; twelve miles wide 
and eighteen miles long. It is dotted with pretty islands, 
one of them called Rembert, being seventeen hundred 
acres in extent, and having one of the largest orange 
groves on the river. The banks of Lake George are ihusi- 
cal with the song and brilliant with the plumage of the 
Southern birds. Flocks of herons, the white curlew, the 
crane, the pelican, the loon and the paroquet may bg 
seen. The latter can be bought of the negroes. 



66 GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 

Volusia— 5 J miles from Lake George, and 65 miles 
from Palatka, on the east bank; a wood station, with a 
considerable settlement back from the river. This is the 
site of another ancient Spanish city, 'wiped out by the 
wars of the past, so that not a trace remains, It was the 
principal point on the line of travel between St. Augus- 
tine and the Musquito Inlet country. The modern village 
was settled in 181 8. During the Seminole war a fort was 
built here, and from this post General Eustis, in command 
of the left wing of the army, composed mostly of regu- 
lars and drafted three months' men from South Carolina 
and Georgia, set out to cross the country to the Withla- 
coochee, to join General Scott. After a brief and fruit- 
less campaign of three months, General Scott and his 
army recrossed the river at Volusia on their way to St. Au- 
gustine. 

Means can be had at Volusia to get to New Smyrna and 
Indian River on the coast; a famous country for the 
hunter. New Smyrna is celebrated as the spot settled by 
Dr. Turnbull and his colony of 1500 Minorcans, in the 
year 1767. Turnbull's wife being a native of Smyrna, in 
Asia, the settlement was named New Smyrna. The 
crop cultivated by Turnbull was indigo, of which he 
raised thousands of dollars' worth annually. These col- 
onists not being dealt with according to contract, all 
abandoned the settlement and located in and near St, 
Augustine, where their descendants now reside. The only 
permanent monument left by Turnbull is a large canal^, 
draining the swamp that bears his name into the Hillsboro* 
River at New Smyrna. 

Orailg^e Crrove— 10 miles from Lake George. 
Wood landing. 

Haii'kinsTille^2o miles from Lake George. Wood 
landing. 



,GU1DE TO FLORIDA. 67 

Blue Spring — 33 miles from Lake George. Wood 
landing. Near here is one of the largest springs in the 
State. The water boils up from a bottom eighty feet wide, 
and forms a considerable river. The spring is several hun- 
dred yards from the St. Johns, but the stream flowing from 
the spring is large enough, at its confluence at the river, 
for the steamers to float in it. It is a most interesting 
sight to look over the side of the steamer, into the crystal- 
clear water, and observe the every-day life of the shoals of 
fish below, as they flit here and there, seeking a living, 
making love to and war on each other, quite unconscious of 
the lookers-on in the element over their heads. 

JflellOllTille — 125 miles from Palatka, and 200 miles 
from Jacksonville, on the west bank of Lake Monroe. One 
of the most important landings on the Upper St. Johns . It 
was formerly the site of Fort Mellon, built during the Indi- 
an War. There are two hotels here. The orange groves 
in the neighborhood are handsome and productive, and have 
induced the estabHshment at this point of a manufactory of 
a new and health-giving beverage known as "Orange 
Bitters," and which as a tonic for invalids are pronounced 
by physicians as unsurpassed. The advertisement of the 
proprietor, Mr. J. J. Hite, will be found elsewhere. Lake 
Monroe, upon which Mellonville is situated, is twelve 
miles long and five miles wide. It is crowded with fish of 
many varieties, and the opportunities for rare sport to the 
angler, are unsurpassed. Wild fowls are likewise abun- 
dant. 

£llterprise — Almost directly opposite Mellonville, 
on the east bank of Lake Monroe; is 130 miles from 
Palatka and 205 miles from Jacksonville, and the head of 
regular steamboat navigation. Here is one of the best 
and most popular hotels on the river, the Brock House ; a 
large comfortable building, capable pf entertaining on^ 



68 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

hundred guests. It is usually crowded during the winter. 
Attached to it are a billiard saloon and a ten-pin alley. 
The rates for board rank from $15.00 to ;^2o 00 per week, 
according to rooms. The Green Spring, at Old Enter- 
prise, about a mile from the Brock House, is worth a 
visit, as well as the orange groves in the vicinity. The 
Spring is of a delicate green color, and at times transparent. 
It is nearly eighty feet in diameter, and fully one hundred 
feet deep. The waters are sulphurous, and few fish live in 
them. Enterprise is the great headquarters for the sports- 
man. Fishing and hunting expeditions are fitted out here 
for the upper lakes and the Indian River country. Horses 
and boats are kept on hire, and during the winter a small 
steamboat makes frequent excursions to Lakes Jessup and 
Harney, taking parties who wish to enjoy the ravishing 
scenery and indulge in that novel and exciting sport, 
alligator shooting. The run up to Lake Harney and back, 
can be made in a day. Lake Jessup, which is in the 
neighborhood of Lake Harney, is seventeen miles long by 
five miles wide, and is so shallow, that it cannot be en- 
tered by a boat drawing over three feet of water. The 
St. John's River has its rise in the Everglades, fully 120 
miles further south than Enterprise, but tourists .do not 
usually ascend beyond Lake Harney, twelve miles from 
Enterprise. The climate in this locality is perceptibly 
milder than below. The winter resembles very much the 
months of May and June at the North, though without 
their occasional scorching heat. 

The Southern Inland Navigation and Improvement 
Company have contracted to deepen the waters of the 
St. Johns, from Enterprise, as far as Lake Washington. 
This much-needed improvement will give inland commu- 
nication with Indian River, Sand Point, Mosquito Inlet, 
Indian River Inlet, Susannah, Jupiter Inlet, and the capes, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. ^ 

and opens up the entire south-east coast of Florida to the 
extremity of the Peninsula. To the tourist in search of 
adventure, this section of the State presents a magnificent 
field. The Indian River is alive with every variety of fish 
that inhabit the Southern waters, and the woods abound 
in game. 



Since the completion of the railroad from St. Augustine 
to Tocoi, on the St. Johns River, access to this picturesque 
and beautiful old Spanish town has been easy, pleasant and 
rapid. The regular packet steamers up the St, Johns 
River leave Jacksonville at nine o'clock daily, Sundays ex- 
cepted; and connect at Tocoi (57 miles from Jacksonville) 
with the St. Augustine Railroad. The train runs through 
from Tocoi to St. Augustine in forty minutes. The distance 
between Tocoi and St. Augustine is fifteen miles. Through 
fare from Jacksonville, via steamer and railroad, $3.00. 
Meals and staterooms $1.00 extra. 

St. Augustine, the most ancient town in North America, 
is situated on a peninsula nearly surrounded by the St. 
Sebastian River and St. Augustine Bay. The population 
is 2,000 souls, mostly of Spanish and Minorcan descent. 
Across the Bay is Anastasia Island. The town was 
founded by Menendez, the Spanish Governor of Florida, 
in 1565, which was forty-three years before the settlement 
of Jamestown, in Virginia, and fifty-five years before the 
landing of the Pilgrims on Plymouth Rock. St. Augus- 
tine has had an eventful history.'^ First, it was laid waste 
by the French, under De Gourgues ; in 1580, it was 
attacked and plundered by the English, under Sir Francfe 



7^ GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Drake. In 1611, it was pillaged by the Indians. In 1665, 
the English buccaneer, Davis, sacked it, after the inhabi- 
tants had taken refuge in the fort* In 1702, Governor 
Moore, of the English Colony of South Carolina, invaded 
Florida, and attacked the city, but was baffled by the fort. 
In 1 71 2, the inhabitants suffered from a famine in conse- 
quence of the non-arrival of supply ships from Spain. In 
1725, the Georgians, under Colonel Palmer, were beaten 
off. J In 1740, General Oglethorpe, the Governor of Geor- 
gia, laid regular siege to the place, planting his batteries 
on Anastasia Island and bombarding the fort for thirty-eight 
days. He failed to force the Spaniards to surrender, and 
retired. ' The city passed into British possession, by 
treaty, in 1763, and held a British garrison during our 
Revolutionary war. In 1784, it was re-ceded to Spain, 
and in 181 9 transferred to the United States. During the 
late war between the States, it changed masters three 
times. 

Hotels — St, Augustine, like Jacksonville, is provided 
with the very best of hotel accommodations, affording the 
Northern visitor all the comforts and luxuries which modern 
civilization can furnish. The St. Augustine Hotel (E. E. 
Vaill, Proprietor), fronting upon the bay and overlooking 
the ocean, seats 300 guests, and has been entirely refitted 
and refurnished thoughout. The Magnolia House (W. W. 
F aimer, Proprietor,) is also a first-class establishment, de- 
servedly popular with winter tourists to St. Augustiae. 

Old Town Wall— Built by the Spaniards two 
centuries ago. It protected the town on its northern side, 
and extended across the peninsula from shore to shore. 
The gateway of the old wall still stands, and is a pictur- 



GUIDE to FLORIDA. 



71 



esque and imposing ruin, with ornamented lofty towers 
and loop-holed sentry-boxes. The ditch is clearly 
marked. 

Fort mar ion — The old Spanish fort once called 
San Juan. It was begun in 1620, and built principally by 
the forced labor of Indian slaves who toiled on it for one 
hundred years. It stands on the sea front, at the upper 




aarperBro.. Iiiteiior of Fort Marion. 

end of the town, and its material is almost wholly the 
Coquina rock, quarried on Anastasia Island. A ramble 
through its heavy casements, its crumbling Roman chapel, 
with elaborate portico and inner altar and holy-water niches, 
its dark passages, gloomy vaults, and more recently- 
discovered dungeons, bring you ready credence of its 
many traditions of inquisitorial tortures. In one of the 
arched dungeons, discovered by accident, beneath the 



72 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

walls of the fort, was found a sealed up stone doorway., 
which being dug away, gave access to an inner dungeon. 
In this place were found two cages, in each of which were 
skeletons, one of them that of a female. One of these is 
now preserved in the Smithsonian Institute, the other was 
interred on the north side of the fort. A visit to the fort 
by moonlight also is recommended. 

Cathedral. — The old Catholic cathedral, with its 
quaint Moorish belfry, its chime of four bells in separate 
niches, and its clock, together forming a cross, and its 
antique interior, is one of the most interesting objects in 
St. Augustine. The oldest of the bells is marked 1682. 

Other ChurcheiS. — The Episcopalians have a neat 
chapel on the Plaza. There are also Methodist, Baptist 
and Presbyterian churches in the city. 

The Plaza. — A fine public square in the centre of 
the city is called the '^ Plaza de la Constitution. On it 
stand the ancient markets, and it is faced by the cathe- 
dral, the old palace, the convent, and the Episcopal church. 
In the middle is a monument erected in honor of the 
Spanish Liberal Constitution. Effigies of John Hancock 
and Samuel Adams were burned on this spot by the British 
troops early in the Revolution. The Plaza is a very 
pleasant resort for idlers, who will find a firm, green turf 
for lounging, benches and shade trees. The visit by 
moonlight is enchanting. 

The Palace, or old Government house of the Span- 
ish era, on the Plaza, is now used as the post-office, Court, 
St. Aug. Library and Reading Rooms, and Peabody School. 

Barracks— occupied by United States troops, said 
to have once been a monastery or convent. 



GUlDt TO FLORIDA. 73 

Convents. — There are three, the old Spanisn con- 
vent of St. Mary's, the one in the rear of the palace, a taste- 
ful edifice built of Coquina, and largest of all, the new con- 
vent on St. George street, near the Barracks. / 

Cemeteries. — The old Huguenot burying-ground is 
a place of much interest. In the military burying-ground, 
under three pyramids of Coquina, stuccoed and whitened, 
are the ashes of Major Dade and 107 men of his command, 
who were massacred by Osceohi and his band. 

^ea-WaSI. — A fine sea-wall of nearly a mile in 
length, built of Coquina, with a coping of granite, pro- 
tects the entire bay front of the city, and affords a de- 
lightful promenade on a moonlight evening. In full view 
of this is the old light-house on Anastasia Island, built 
more than a century ago, and now surmounted by a fine 
revolving lantern. A new light-house, x6o feet high, has 
also been erected here by the Government. 

The Hay and Anastasia Island. — Boating 
on the bay is a favorite amusement on moonlight nights. 
The sail by day across the bay to Anastasia Island is 
charming. Beautiful shells of all descriptions may be 
gathered on the beach, and sea-mosses and lichens may be 
collected for albums. 

streets. — They are nearly all quite narrow; one, 
which is nearly a mile long, being but fifteen feet wide. 
Many of the houses, with high roof and dormer windows, 
have hanging balconies along their second stories, which 
seem almost to touch each other across the narrow street. 

Improvements. — Half a million dollars have been 
expended on improvements, public and private, in St. Augus- 
tine since 1870. Charlotte, St. Creorge and Bay streets are 
all interesting thoroughfares. Among the private , resi- 
dences recently completed may be named those of Henry 
Ball, "of Ball, Black & Co., costing $50,000 ; of John How- 



^^ GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

ard, costing $30,000; and of Wm. H. Aspinwall, costing 
$25,000. Speculation in land has been rife for some time, 
and the natural charms, added to its historic, will probably 
make St. Augustine soon outstrip in development the 
younger cities of the State. 



The country west of the Apalachicola River has not yet 
been brought into railroad communication with the other 
parts of the State. Its comparative isolation was the 
cause of the recent movement in favor of annexing it to 
Alabama. The extension of lines of the Jacksonville, 
Pensacola and the Mobile Railroad, will soon remove any 
feeling of discontent which may exfst in Western Florida. 
>Apala€llicola. — This city was formerly the seat of 
a very considerable trade. It was the shipping port for 
that rich cotton-growing region lying on the Chatta- 
hoochie and Flint E^ivers, which empty into the Apalachi- 
cola River, and thus into Apalachicola Bay. The Chatta- 
hoochee is navigable as far up as Columbus, Georgia ; a 
distance of 367 miles. The building of numerous rail- 
roads in lower Georgia and Alabama, which tapped the 
river line, diverted trade from this old city to Mobile and 
Savannah. ^ The population has decreased, but it still can 
boast about 1000 inhabitants. Owing to its fine site there 
is no reason why, with capital and energy, its former pros- 
perity should not be revived. 

Marian na. — County seat of Jackson County. This 
town is situated on the Chipola River, an affluent of the 
Apalachicola, and navigable at certain seasons by small 
craft to Marianna. The business of this town is ordina- 
rily done through Bellevue and Neal's Landing, about 18 
miles distant, on the Chattahoochee, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA 75 

The extension of the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile 
Railroad will pass through Marianna, and must very rnucli 
increase its prosperity, already ensured by the fertility of 
the adjacent country. 

Pensacola — The principal city of Western Florida. 
Population, 2,000. It is situated on Pensacola Bay, and 
is enjoying a lucrative and growing trade. At the entrance 
of the bay lies Santa Rosa Island, upon which is built Fort 
Pickens, the scene of one of the most famous sieges of the 
earlier years of the late war between the States. The city 
was laid out by the English in 1 763. Pensacola may be 
reached from Jacksonville and Eastern Florida by means 
of the railroad to St. Marks on the Gulf, and regular packet 
steamer from St. Marks to Pensacola Bay. The PensacoUi 
and Louisville Railroad connects at Pollard with the 
Mobile and Montgomery Railroad. 

-The following observations upon the future of Pensacola 
are taken from a pamphlet issued by the '^ New City Com- 
pany : " 

"The City of Pensacola has natural advantages which 
destine it to become, by rapid strides, the Chicago of the 
South. It is situated on the north coast of the Gulf of 
Mexico, in latitude 30 deg. 28 m. north, and longitude 87 
deg. 22 m. west of Greenwich, only ten miles from the 
open sea. Its thoroughly land-locked harbor covers an 
area of over two hundred square miles, being about thirty 
miles long, and from five to eight miles in width, having 
unsurpassed anchorage, and. a depth of from thirty to thir- 
ty-five feet. The entrance to the harbor is about half a 
mile wide, with an average depth on the bar of twenty-four 
feet. The same depth is readily secured at the wharfage 
line of the city. A laden ship of largest tonnage can ap- 
proach the city at any time in the year, or leaving its 
wharves can be in the open sea in an hour-and-a-half. 



76 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

**The rapid development of the iron mines of Ala^ 
bama, whose natural outlet to the markets of the world is 
the port of Pensacola, will not only contribute a consid- 
erable quota to the commerce of this port, but will, in 
connection with the Florida forests, furnish superior mate- 
rial for ship-building, which, at no distant day, must rival 
in extent the similar industry of northern ports ; the prox- 
imity and cheapness of all material required giving build- 
ers in this locality peculiar advantages." 



■^ >» 



Southern or Tropical Florida is, properly speaking, that 
part of the State lying south of latitude 28 deg. north. It 
comprises an area of 20,000 square miles, and has a pop- 
ulation of about 9,000 inhabitants. About half of this 
population reside on the Island of Key West and the 
neighboring Keys and islands extending into the Gulf of 
Mexico, and are engaged m the business of wrecking and 
fishing. The raising of cattle upon the main-land is the 
all-absorbing business of the mhabitants, who reside from 
30 to 40 miles apart, and allow the cattle to graze on the 
public domain. The herds are immense ; in Manatee 
County alone, there are 100,000 head of cattle. 

The main-land is level and divided into hummocks, pine 
openings and prairies. The hummocks are very rich, and 
are covered over with a dense growth of timber; consist- 
ing of live oak, water oaks, magnolia, bay, etc. The soil 
is sandy. The pine openings are covered with scattering 
pines and a grass which affords fine pasturage. The prairie 
lands occupy the interior portion of the State, bordering 
upon the Kissimee River, the head waters of the St. Johns. 
and the upper Caloosahatchee, They are dotted over with 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA ^ 77 

small cluiiTips of hummocks, containing from one to five 
acres each, which give beauty and variety to the scenery, 
and afford shelter during the heat of the day to i animier- 
able herds of deer and cattle. There are also numerous 
small lakes of pure water, iiUed with fish, some of which 
are only a few rods m extent, while others are from two to 
ten miles in length. These prairies are the paradise of 
the herdsmen and the hunters. 

This section of Florida is capa,ble of producing all the 
different products of the West Indies. There is a constant 
sea-breeze off the Gulf Stream, commencing about eight 
o'clock, A. M., and lasting until nearly sundown. The 
climate is very exhilarating. The thermometer averages, 
the year round, 73 deg. and the extremes are 57 deg. and 
92 deg. 

•A railroad is projected from Jacksonville, along the 
St. John's River into Southern Florida. At present, the 
means of getting to the harbors, on the extreme southern 
coast, are by sailing vessels from Jacksonville, Key West 
and New Orleans, or overland, by the mail carrier's con- 
veyances from Gainesville on the Florida Railroad, and 
Enterprise on the Upper St. John's River. 

Tlie following are some of the most notable places in 
Southern Florida: — 

Tampa Bay— On the western coast, is a noble har- 
bor for the largest vessels, and is about 40 miles long. 
Towards the interior it divides into two branches, called 
Little Tampa and Hillsborough Bay. It is dotted with 
small islands, the pleasantest of which is Egmont. in the 
waters of Tampa Bay enormous quantities of fish and tur- 
tles may be found. In shoal places the fish are so numer- 
ous that they impede the passage of boats. Sea fowl are 
exceedingly numerous ; the beautiful flamingoes, in partic- 
ular, appear in long files drawn up on the beach, like 



GUIDE TO FLORiDA 

bands of soldiers in red uniforms. The village of Tampa 
has regular mail communication with Gainesville, and i 
passengers avail themselves of the mail wagon for transit. | 
A railroad is projected to Waldo, on the Cedar Keys and ! 
Fernandina Railroad ; when it is completed, Tampa will 
"become one of the most important ports on the Gulf. 

Charlotte Martoor^ or Boca Grande, on the west- 
ern coast, south of Tampa Bay. It is about 25 miles long, 
and eight to ten miles wide, and is sheltered from the sea 
by several islands. The entrance between Boca Grande 
Key and Gasperillo is six fathoms deep and three-quarters 
of a mile wide. 

The fisheries in and around Charlotte Harbor are very 
valuable, and may be made more so. Probably a thousand 
persons could find profitable employment. The fish are 
caught with seines. The finest oysters on the coast are 
gathered here. 

Alpali^kee JSliramp, upon the head waters of 
the St. Lucie River, is the only swamp of any magnitude 
in Tropical Florida. 

Indian S-iver is a vast lagoon along the Atlantic 
coast of Florida, extending a distance of nearly 100 miles. 
In some places it is four miles wide, and in others, not 
more than fifty yards wide. The Indian River country is 
filled with game, and is a celebrated resort of the sportsman. 

liake Okee-eho-liee — A large, wild, solitary lake, 
near the everglades. Its length is twenty miles. 

The Everg^lades — Situated almost in the southern 
extremity of the peninsula, is a vast shallow lake, over- 
grown with grass, pond lilies and other aquatic plants, in- 
terspersed with innumerable small islands, of from one to 
one hundred acres each. These islands are principally 
hummock lands, covered over with a growth of live and 
water-oaks and cocoa plums,, with an undergrowth of 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 79 

morning-glories, grapes and other vines, and are extremely 
fertile^ The water is from four inches to four feet deep, 
and is very clear and pure. In many places are channels 
and sinks where the water is from ten to fifty feet deep ; 
these holes are well supplied with fish, of which the trout 
is the most desirable. Alligators and turtle are abundant, 
and panthers, wild-cats, and bears are quite numerous. 

Flowers of the sweetest fragance, and of every hue and 
color, greet the eye. The border and outer margin of the 
Everglades is prairie, of from one -fourth to one mile in 
breadth, and comprises some of the finest and richest land 
in America, having once been a portion of the Everglades, 
and formed by the receding of the waters. During the 
Indian war the Everglades were the last retreat of the Semi- 
noles, and it was with the utmost difficulty that the gov- 
ernment dislodged them, so well adapted were the almost 
hidden islands for defence and concealment. 

. Biscayne Bay — At the end of the peninsula, and 
emptying into Barnes' Sound and Florida Bay, is an ex- 
cellent harbor for all vessels drawing less than ten feet of 
water. It can be entered at all times. Great quantities of 
turtle and sponges of the finest variety are secured here. 
The sponges and turtle taken from these waters are valued 
at ^100,000 per annum. Lieutenant Governor Gleason 
says of the Biscayne Bay country : " The pure water, the 
chalybeate and other mineral springs, the magnificent 
beauty of its scenery, the salubrity and equability of its 
climate, must make Biscayne Bay, at no distant day, the 
resort of the invalid, the tourist, and the lover of adven- 
ture. ' ' 

The Keys. — These are a series of islands, extending 
along the south coast, from Cape Florida to the Dry Tor- 
tugas, lying between the main-land and the Florida Reefs, 
and within three to five miles of the Gulf Stream. They 



GUIDE TO FLORfDA. 

are of uniform character, being of coral formation and 
very rocky. Some are only a few acres in extent, while 
others contain as many as 15,000 acres. Cayo Largo is 
the largest. These Keys are only a few feet above tide- 
water, and are mostly covered with a growth of hard- 
wood timber. The land is too rocky to admit of general 
cultivation. 

Key West — (The city and port of.) Telegraph 
Office. Is situated on the island of the same name, which 
is seven miles long and one-and-a-half wide. It is eleven 
feet above the sea level. The population of the city is 
about 3,000 It has a large trade in sponges, turtles and 
fruits, and is a place of some manufacturing importance. 
There are twelve or fifteen cigar factories, making in the 
aggregate thirty to thirty-five thousand of the best Havana 
cigars per diem. There is also a manufactory in successful 
operation, for canning the pineapple — the only one in the 
United States. From five to eight thousand cans are put 
up daily. Key West has five churches and the usual pub- 
lic buildings. The United States Admiralty Court sits 
here. Two newspapers are published, the Dispatch, dem- 
ocratic, and the Guardian, republican. There are a few 
lakes on the island, and several beautiful drives. The 
land is covered in mid-winter with the greenest of foliage, 
and tropical flowers grow in profusion. The climate 
hereabouts is mild and agreeable, the thermometer ranging 
from 79 to ^d degrees in summer, and 48 to 60 degrees in 
winter. The island is much visited by invalids. Constant 
communication is had with New York, New Orleans, 
Havana, Galveston and Cedar Keys by packet steamers. 
The passage to Havana occupies but a few hours. The 
New Orleans, Cedar Keys and Havana steamers afford 
weekly connection with all points in Upper and Middle 
Florida, by means of the Florida Railroad. The principal 



(5UIDE TO FLORIDA. 81 

hotels in Rev West are the Russell House and the Leland 
Hotel, recently erected by a stock company. Board can be 
obtained in numerous private families at reasonable rates. 
Til© Ury ToS'isig'as islands, at the extreme end of 
the Florida Keys, and extending some distance into the 
Gulf of Mexico. They were used as a penal place for 
Confederate prisoners during the late war, and several of 
the Lincoln conspirators were confined there. They are 
forlorn, barren rocks, defended by fortifications, and 
ornamented (?) with a light house. 



, John's Eiver iDjIDayliglit. 

The OliD E>OMIMIOi^" Steamship Company's New and 
Elegant Saloon Steamer, 



9 

Leaves Clarli's Wliarf, Jacksonville, at 9:00 a. m. daily, 
(except Sunday), for 

PALATKA AND RETURN. 

TOUCHING BOTH WAYS AT 

Grssn Cove Springs and Tocoi, 

Connecting at Tocoi with Trains to and from St. Augustine, 
Connection made on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday with 
U. S. Mail Steamer 



9 

Leaving Palatka on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday mornings 
for Enterprise and intermediate Landings off the Upper St. Johns 
—Thus making the entire trip on the river by daylight. 

Through Tickets at Usual Kates (including meals on steamers 
and Hotel Coupons— acceptable for the night's Board and lodg- 
ing at any hotel in Palatka), sold on board. 

Also connecting with steamer EUPHEMIA, at Palatka, every 
day (Sunday excepted) for Crescent City and the Halifax Kiver. 

JOHN CLARK, Agent, 

A. J. HEIDRICK, Agent, Palatka. 
W. H. STANFORD, Secretary. 

Q-reenwich and Fulton, Streets, New York. 



82 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

From Bachelder^s Popular Resorts and How to Reach 

Them. {Ill) 

FOETRESS MOKROE, HAMPTON EOADS AND VICINITY. 

"Fortress Monroe and its immediate surroundings, 
to Americans certainly, and to a large number of Euro- 
peans, have now become classic. It was here the Army 
of the Potomac first landed in Virginia on its me- 
morable march up the Peninsula, undergoing all the 
trials and sufferings of a protracted and bloody war. It 
was here that four years later this same army embarked 
for the homes they so longed to reach, with peace again 
ruling o'er the nation. Here, too, under the eyes of 
thousands of anxious watchers, the great battle of the 
^ Merrimac ' and ^ Monitor ' was fought. Many residents 
at ^Old Point Comfort' give vivid descriptions of every 
event in that mighty conflict, and mark the steps of its 
progress to the listener with vivid scenes of it before 
him. The Fortress itself, the largest in the United States, 
is a grand feature in the attractiveness of the locality 
and contains within it many objects of the greatest in- 
terest to the visitor. Its extensive and beautiful parade 
ground, shaded with live-oaks : its slopes are coated with 
green from March until November, and its garrison 
makes it very popular. The famed Artillery School 
with the music of an excellent band at morning guard 
mount and the evening dress parade, give to the visitor 
pleasure to be found at very few resorts in the country. 
There is within the fortress, also, a Museum containing 
objects of great interest to the civilian as well as to the 
soldier, and many hours may be pleasantly and profitably 
passed by the visitor in looking over the collection. The 
drives in the vicinity to the Hampton Normal School, 
the National Military Home, the National Cemetery and 
to and through the town of Hampton, are over good 
roads, and also command many exceedingly interesting 
landscape views. In the town of Hampton is one of 
the oldest churches in our country. The incriptions on 
some of its tombs in its cemetery bearing date as early 
as 1658. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 83 

For the invalid, as well as the robust pleasure seeker, 
the climate at Old Point Comfort is unsurpassed for 
salubrity. The invalid en route for the warmer climate 
of Florida to recuperate, or returning therefrom, and 
fearing to face the rigors of an uncertain month in 
spring at the N'orth, may find a resting place at Fortress 
Monroe free from all dangers of sudden and violent 
change in temperature. Boating and fishing may be 
enjoyed on and in the broad waters of Hampton roads 
and Chesapeake bay, and the fish are very plentiful and 
excellent m character. The Hampton Bar and Lynn- 
haven oysters, deservedly celebrated wherever this lux- 
ury is known, are here found in abundance. The 
bathing is also very fine, the beach being of an easy and 
continuous slope and unusually free from large pebbles. 
"The Hygeia Hotel, lately built and this year en- 
larged and having ample accomodations for five 
hundred guests, at Fortress Monroe, or Old Point Cora- 
fort as it was generally named by visitors in ante-iellufn 
times, takes the place ot the one of that name which 
was in existence before the war, and was patronized by 
many of our people from all sections of the Union. 
This hotel is most thoroughly built and elegantly 
furnished, and its situation is admirable, far superior to 
the old Hygeia, and is in all its appointments every way 
worthy of its beautiful locality. It stands upon the beach 
at the head of the broad and substantial landing pro- 
vided by the IN'ational Government for the various 
steamers which stop here from fifteen totwenty time daily 
to land their passengers and mails- From its balconies 
and corridors which have a water frontage of over 
eighteen hundred feet, the view of Hampton roads and 
Chesapeake bay is unsurpassed ; even Cape Henry and 
Cape Charles lighthouses may be seen on a clear day, or 
their lights by night, without the aid of a glass. Ves- 
sels of all classes, steam and sail, American and foreign, 
are passing at all times or riding at their anchors in 
sight faom every room. The ever changing scenes from 
the balconies are a source of never ending interest and 
pleasure. In conducting the hotel every effort is made 



84 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

by the proprietor to insure the comfort and pleasure of 
his guests, and to make the * H jgeia ' in every respec- 
worthy of patronage. The table is supplied in abunt 
dance with every delicacy of a locality rich with edibles 
rare in more northern latitudes, and facilities are pro- 
vided for bathing, boating and fishing, all of which can 
be reached literally at the doorsteps of the hotel." 



-^4- 



AIKEN is a thriving village of 2,000 inhabitants, 
situated on the South Carolina Railroad, 120 miles 
north-west of Charleston, and 17 miles south-east of 
Augusta. 

It was iucorporated before the war, and is governed 
by an Intendant and six wardens. Occupying one of 
the most commanding positions in the State, being 600 
feet above tide water, and 400 feet above (the Savannah 
Eiver at) Augusta, it has been aptly called the '^ Village 
of Hills." 

Immense forests of pine surround it on all sides, and 
these yield an aroma, which, with the dry invigorating 
air and equable climate, have rendered Aiken a very 
favorably known winter resort for invalids. 

The main thoroughfare, called Park Avenue, extends, 
with an even width of 200 feet, for over one mile, and 
from this at right angles branch the streets, all laid out 
with a width of 150 feet. 

At the extreme western end of Park Avenue, seated 
on the very brow of a hill commanding an extensive 
prospect, is the Highland Park Hotel, kept by Mr. 
B. P. Chatfield, (also proprietor of the Planters 
Hotel, at Augusta, Ga.) 

The house has recently been enlarged and supplied 
with new furniture, the bed-room sets being of black 
walnut, having spring bed and hair mattress. Pure 
spring water conducted to all parts of the building, and 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 8| 

drainage from the premises is perfect, the greatest care 
haying been taken in perfecting this important depart- 
ment. Bed-rooms and Parlors arranged in suits are 
desirable as to location and size, there being none but 
outside rooms, all having open fireplaces and sunny ex- 
posure, Saloon Parlor arranged for private theatricals ; 
Gas and Electrical Bells in every room; Bath-room on 
each floor. Five stairways leading to upper stories offer 
sufficient egress. Billiard-Eoom, Bowling-Alley, Oro- 
quet-Grrounds, and a well stocked Livery-Stable con- 
nected with the Hotel. The table is abundantly supplied 
and the cooking department carefully attended to. 

Exposed as it is to the South, the sun, in a clear day, 
seems to shine with a special brilliancy on its broad piaz- 
zas, which, with the corridors and halls, exceed a quarter 
of a mile in length. 

To the invalid in search of health, Aiken offers the 
most favorable inducements, and is not without at- 
tractions to those who visit the Sunny South for relax- 
ation from business or avoidence of Northern Winter. 

Apart from the Highlakd Park Hotel, there are 
ample accommodations for visitors. Immediately oppo- 
site the Railroad Depot stands the Oarleton Hotel, favor- 
ably known to visitors, and excellent and well appointed 
boarding houses are scattered throughout the village. 
Fronting both sides of Main street are numerous stores, 
well stocked with all necessary articles, as well as those 
of luxury, and among them are two pharmaceutical 
establishments, fitted up in a style that might well be- 
come those of a large city, whose proprietors are always 
ready to fill any prescription ordered by the skilful 
physicians residing in the place. 

The modest, neat little churches, of which there are 
seven, are indeed ornamental to the '' Village of the 
Hills," and comprise an Episcopal, Presbyterian, Metho- 
dist, Baptist, Roman Catholic, and two plain edifices for 
colored denominations. A Lyceum, capable of seating 
four hundred persons, through its private theatrical 
entertainments, contributes materially to the pleasure 
and Ratification of the residents of Aiken, and those 



86 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

who have selected the hill country of Carolina as their 
Winter home. Four livery stables afford an ample supply 
of horses and vehicles for riding and driving over the 
numberless roads which radiate in every direction from 
the village. A large grove in which are erected buildings 
for the convenience and enjoyment of the Aiken Schuet- 
zen Club, is but a few minutes walk from the Hotel. For 
daily Railroad trains between Charleston and Augusta, 
to which may be added a special accommodation for 
Augusta, which leaves Aiken at 9 : 10 A. m., returning at 
3 : 30 p. M. 

With attributes thus enumerated, it must be obvious 
to every traveler that Aiken is tuthfully entitled to the 
warm encomiums that have been awarded it ; that its 
rapid growth within the past few years has been a 
healthy one; and that it offers more than ordinary 
inducements to those who seek in the balmy climate of 
the South a contrast to the cold and unpleasant Winters 
of the North. . 



♦ ♦ » 



This beautiful city, situated on the Cape Fear River 
[30 miles from its mouth] is the largest city in the 
State, and its commercial advantages are second to none 
on the southern coast. Large fleets of sailing vessels 
of all nationalities are constantly arriving f»nd departing 
from this port. It is the largest naval store depot in 
the world. The climate is delightful, rivaling even 
Florida. The thermometers seldom rising above 75 
degrees in summer, or going below 45 in winter. 

The Purcell House presided over by the genial and 
jovial Col. J. R. Davis, is one of the best hotels in the 
country, and affords all the comforts of a home to those 
desiring to spend a few days in the *' City by the Sea." 

A new ''Shell Road" has been completed to the 
'^ Sound," distant six miles, and magnificent carriages, 
buggies, &c., at reasonable rates can be had to convey 
the visitor to and from the Ocean over this beautiful 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



87 



" drive." Hundreds of tourists aud visitors going to 
and returning from Florida linger here for weeks loth to 
leave the delightful climate and the many pleasures that 
surround them. 

An elegant and commodious Union Passenger Depot, 
in the heart of the city has lately been erected by the 
W. & W.; &. 0. & A. Eailroads. It is provided with all 
modern conveniences. The eating house is one of the 
best in the southern country, the table being supplied 
with all the delicacies of the season. 

Numerous other places of interest might be mentioned 
snch as the Cotton Factory, employing hundreds of op- 
eratives. The cotton compress, which compresses, for 
shipment to all parts of the civilized world, over 75,000 
bales of cotton per year. 

The Theatre, one of the prettiest in the South. The 
Old Brunswick Church, over 100 years old. The mag- 
nificent residences with their beautiful lawns dotted 
with tropical flowers, and the many groves where trees 
are hung with the celebrated !N"orth Carolina G-ray 
Moss. 




m 



m 



WILMINGTON, N. C. 
J. R. DAVIS, 



PROPRIETOR 



86 

HOW TO GET TO FLORIDA 

^-^ 

ATLANTIC COAST LINE. 
DAILY ALL KAIL ROUTE No. 1. 

Via Richmond^ Wilmington, Augusta and Savannah. 

Leave New York, 6:00 p.m.; Philadelphia, 8:50 p.m.; 

Baltimore, 12:05 night; Washington, 1:55 a. m. ; Eich- 
mond, 7:25 A. M. Pullman Sleeping Cars New York to 
Richmond. Ihrough train, Parlor Oar attached, ar- 
riving at Wilmington, N. C, 7:50 p.m.; leave Wilming- 
ton, 8:05 P. M. (Pullman Sleeping Oar Wilmington to 
Augusta), arrive Augusta 9:00 a.m. Leave Augusta, 
9:30 A.M., via Central Railroad, and 9:30 a.m. Port 
Royal Railroad, arrive Savannah 5:25 p.m., via Central 
Raih'oad, and 4:30 p.m. Port Royal and Savannah and 
Charleston Railroads; Leave Savannah 4:45 p. m., arrive 
Jacksonville 11:00 A. m. (Pullman Sleeping Cars Savan- 
nah to Jacksonville.) 

Aikoi passengers connect at G-raniteville, 12 miles 
this side of Augusta, 8:14 a. m., arrive at Aiken, 9:30 A. m. 

ATLANTIC COAST LINE. 

DAILY ALL BAIL ROUTE No. 2. 

Via Richmo7id, Wihnington, Charleston^ and Savannah. 
Leave New York 6:00 p. m. ; Philadelphia, 8:50 p.m.; 
Baltimore, 12.05 night; Washingson, 1:55 p. m; Rich- 
mond, 7:25 a.m. Pullman Sleeping Cars New York to 
Richmond. Through train, with parlor cars attached, 
arriving at Wilmington, 7:50 p. m. ; leave Wilmington 
8:05 P. M. Pullman Sleeping Car Wilmington to Char- 
leston ; arrive Charleston 6:15 a.m.; leave Cnarleston 
9:30 AM.; arrive Savannah 4:30 p.m.; leave Savannah 
4:45 P.M. ; arrive Jacksonville 11:00 a.m. Pullman 
Sleeping Cars Savannah to Jacksonville. 



89 



'.'■SS. JI ^V5SB-- 



ATLANTIC COAST LINE. 

DAILY (EXCEPT SUNDAY), ALL RAIL 

ROUTE No. 3. 

Via Rtchynond, Wilmington, Cliarleston and Savannah. 

Leave New York, 8:35 a. m. ; Philadelphia, 12:15 noon ; 
Baltimore (via Baltimore and Potomac U.K.), 3:40 p. m. ; 
Baltimore (via Baltimore and Ohio E. E.), 4:20 p.m.; 
Washington, B. and P. K. E. Depot, 6:00 P. M. ; Eich- 
mond, 11:10 p. m, ; Petersburg, 12:20 night ; Weldon, 3:45 
A.M.; Wilmington, 12:10 noon; Charleston, 11:00 p.m.; 
Savannah, 8:30 a.m.; arrive Jacksonville, 10:20 p.m. 

Parlor Cars to Washington, Pullman Sleeping Cars to 
Wilmington, Parlor Car to Charleston and liucas 
Sleeper to Savannah. 

ATLANTIC COAST LINE. 

DAILY (EXCEPT SUNDAY), ALL RAIL 

ROUTE No. 4. 

Via Riclimond, Wilmington, CliarlestoJi and Savannah. 

Leave New York, 9:30 a. m., Limited Express ; Phila- 
delphia, 12:13 noon; Baltimore, 2:55 p.m.; arrive 
Washington, 4:17 p.m. Leave Washington, 6:00 p.m.; 
Eichmond, 11:10 p.m. ; Petersburg, 12:20 p. M.; Weldon, 
3:45 A.M.; Washington, 12:50 p.m.; Charleston, 11:00 
P.M.; Savannah, 8:30 a.m., arrive Jacksonville, 10:20 
p. m. 

Limited Express is composed entirely of Pullmrn Par- 
lor Cars. Extra from New York to Baltimore, $2.30; 
New York to Washington, $2.50. 

Parlor and sleeping accommodations see Eoute No. 3. 

ROUTE No. 5. 

Via Washington, Richmond, Wilmi^igton and Augusta. 
Leave New York daily, 6:00 p. m. ; Philadelphia, 8:50 
P. M. ; Baltimore, 12:05 a. m.; Washington, 1:55 a. m. ; 
arrive Eichmond, 7:05 A. M. (Pullman Sleeper, New 
York to Eichmond), leave 7:25 A. m. Through train to 
Wilmington with parlor car attached, arrive Wilmington, 
7:50 P. M. : leave 8:05 P. M. Pullman Sleeping Cars to 



9© 

Augusta, arrive at Augueta, 9:00 A. M. ; leave 9:30 a. m. ; 
arrive Macon, 6:25 p. m., there connect with 7:15 p. m., 
and 3:45 A. m. trains to Jacksonville, via Jesup and Live 
Oak, arrive at Jacksonville, 10:20 p. m. 

ROUTE No. 6. 

Via Cu7nl)erl(md Route. 

Arrive at Macon as in Atlantic Coast Line Route, 
No. 5, and Leave 7:15 p. m. Arrive at Brunswick, 
6:40 A. M. ; leave on Steamer 7:00 a. m. Leave Fer- 
nandina, 12:15 noon. Arrive Jacksonville, 2:15 p. m. 
Leave Macon, 3:45 A. M. Arrive Brunswick. Leave on 
Steamer 3:00 p. m. Leave Fernandina, 7:15 p. m. Arrive 
Jacksonville, 10:20 p. m. Elegant Pullman Lucas and 
Woodruff Sleeping Oars run on the above trains from 
Macon to Jesup and Brunswick. 

DAILY (EXCEPT SUNDAY) BAY LINE 
EOUTE No. 1. 

Via Baltimore, Portsmouth, Wilmingto7i, Charleston 
and Savannah, 

Leave New York 8:40 A. m. ; Philadelphia, 12:15 p. m. ; 
Baltimore 4:00 p. m. ; steamer arrive Portsmouth 7:00 
A.M., in time to connect with through tra^n, with parlor 
car attached; arrive at Wilmington 7:50 p.m.; thence, 
same as Route (Atlantic Ooast Line) No. 2. 

DAILY (EXCEPT SUNDAY) BAY LINE 
ROUTE No. 2. 

Via Baltimore, Portsmouth, Wilmington, Aiken, Au- 
gusta and Savannah to Jacksonville, &c., &c. 
Leave New York, 8:40 a. m. ; Philadelphia, 12:15 p. m. ; 
Baltimore, 4:00 P. m. Steamer arrive at Portsmouth, 
7:00 a.m., connecting with through train with Parlar 
attached for Wilmington, arriving there at 7:50 p.m.; 
thence as (Atlantic Ooast Line) Route No. 1. Limited 
Express leaving Neiv York daily (except Sunday;, 9:30 
a.m.; Philadelphia, 12:10 noon; arrive at Baltimore, 
2:55 p. M. (extra fare, $2.30), connecting with Bay Line 
Steamers as Nos. 1 and 2 Bay Line Routes. 



91 

OLD DOMINION STEAMSHIP ROUTE TO 
FLORIDA AND THE SOUTH. 

The Old Dominion fleet of Passenger Steamers com- 
prised of the following Magnificent Sidewheel Steam- 
ships : 

Wyanoke, 2,020 tons, (Tuesday), Capt. Couch. 

Isaac Bell, 1,600 tons (Thursday), Oapt. Lawrence. 

Old Dominion, 2,240 tons (Saturday), Capt. Walker. 

Meals and state-room accommodations (included in 
all through tickets on steamers) are equal to any first- 
class Hotel or Eestaurant. 

Time from New York to Norfolk or Portsmouth 25 
hours. 

Baggage checked to all the principal points south. 

Leave New York, Pier 37 North River, 3 P. m. Steam- 
er sailing every Tuesday, Thursday, ai d Saturday; 
arrive at Portsmouth, V'a., 4:00 p. m. following day. 
Through train leave Portsmsuth 7:00 A. m. (Parlor Car 
attached), arrive Wilmington 7:50 p. M. ; thence same as 
Atlantic Ccasfc Line Route Nos. 1 and 2. 

Through tickets sold, and information given at the 
Company's various agencies, or at the 

General Office of the Company, 

197 GREENWICH ST., Cor. of Fulton St., N. Y. 

W. H. STANFORD, Sec'y. 

» 1 <^ I ■* — ' 

The elegant Steamer Hampton connects daily at Palatka with Steamer 
'Eupliemia, for Cresent City, leaving Jacksonville at 9 A. M., and 

arriving at Cresent City same day. Through tickets issued by agents o 
Hampton and Euphemia. 

No charge for transferring baggage from boats to Hack line. 

All Freight shipped by Hampton go through from Jacksonville to Cresent 
City at usual rates, daily. 

Easy Hacks run from Cresent City to the Halifax Kiver, every 
Tuesday and Saturday. Tourists will find this the shortest, cheapest and 
quickest route to Halifax. 

J08EHH W. GARDINER, Secretary, 
W. H. CHASE, Ticket Agent, 3 Bay St Florida In, Nav. Co. 



92. 
TRAVELERS' CUIDE TO THE 



VIA PSED^O^T AIR LINE. 
C. iringling, Gen, Eastern Agent, 9 Astor Mouse. 

ROUTE NO. 1, All Rail via Richmond, Charlotte and Atlanta. 

Leave New York at 6:00 P. M., with Pullman Palace 
Sleeping Oars and first-class Passenger Cars through to 
Belle Isle Junction (opposite Eichmond,) without 
change. 

Leave West Philadelphia Depot, 8:50 P. M. 

Leave Charles Street Depot, Baltimore, at 12:05 A. M. 
A Sleeping Car for Richmond without change, leave 
Calvert Station, Baltimore, which passengers can occupy 
as early as 9:00 P. M. 

Leave Washington 1:55 A. M. Arrive at Richmond 
7:05 A. M. Leave Richmond, via Richmond and Dan- 
ville R. R. at 7:30 A. M. Leave Belle Isle Junction at 
8.22 A. M. (Breakfast). Via Piedmont Air Line, R. & 
D. R. R. and A. & R. A. L. Railway and connections on 
train with Palace Sleeping Cars, and new first-class Par- 
lor Cars attached. The Sleeping Cars run through to 
Brunswick, Ga , 836 miles, without change, from Rich- 
mond, via Atlanta. Another Sleeping Car being at- 
tached to train at Atlanta for New Orleans, makes prac- 
tically but one change of cars from New York to New 
Orleans by this route. Leave Danville at 2:55 P. M. — 
Dinner. Leave G-reensboro 5:40 P. M Arrive at Sali s- 
bury 7:55 P. M.— Supper. Arrive at Charlotte 10:37 
P. M. Arrive G-reenville 3:04 A. M. Arrive at Buford 
8:05 A. M.— Breakfast. Arrive at Atlanta 10:15 A. M. 
Six hours better time than by any other line, only 40 
hours from New York to Atlanta. Arrive at Opelika 
6:29 P. M. Arrive at Columbus 10:00 P. M. Arrive at 
Montgomery 9:30 P. M. Mobile 4:10 A. M. Arrive New 
Orleans 10:00 A. M., making close connection for 
Galveston, Texas. Arriving next day at 11:00 A. M. 
QUICKEST TIME MADE— ONLY 64 HOURS 
NEW YORK TO NEW ORLEANS, and 89 hours to 
Galveifiton. 48 hours to Macon. 

FOR FLOR9DA, 

Leave Richmond 7:30 A. M., Belle Isle Junction 8:2^ 



93 

A. M. in through Palace Sleeping Car to Brunswick, 
Ga., 836 miles without change, Arrive at Atlanta 10:15 
A. M. Arrive at Macon 6:00 P. M. Arrive Brunswick, 
Ga., at 6:30 A. M. Thence by steamer, inside route, 
Breakfast on Boat, a beautiful run of 3?] hours. Arriving 
at Fernandia 10:30 A. M. Leave Fcrnandia via rail 
without change of cars and Arrive at Jacksonville at 
2 00 P. M., only 68 hours New York to Jacksonville, 
a-nd with less changes of cars than via any other route. 

ROUTE NO. 2, All Rail via Richmond, Charlotte and Columbia. 

Leave New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Wash- 
ington and Richmond as in schedule route JSTo. I . Arrive 
at Salisbury 7:55 P. M. — Supper, and leave at 8:15 P. M., 
in through Sleeping Oar to Augusta without change. 
Arrive at Columbia 5:10 A. }sL Arrive at Graniteville 
8:14 A. M. ArriAe at Aiken 9:30 A. M. Arrive at Au- 
gusta 9:00 A M. Arrive at Savannah 4:30 P. M., via 
Port Koyal E. R., via the Central R. R. of Ga. at 5:25 
P. M. Leave Savannah at 4;45 P. M., with through 
Sleeping Cars without change, and arrive in Jacksonville 
at 10.55 A. M., only 64 hours Ne r York to Jacksonville. 
Quickest time ever made and less changes of Cars. 
Practically but ONE CHANGE of Cars from NEW 
YORK to AUGU81A. Arrive at Macon 6.35 P. M, 
Only 39^ hours New York to Augusta, and 46 hours to 
Savannah. ASK FOR TICKETS via this Route, by 
RICHMOND, CHARLOTTE and A UG USIA. 

Virginia Midland Ronte. 

Cr. OT. Huntington, Agent. 315 Broadway, N, Y. 

Via EanvlUe, Atlanta, Brunswick, Fernandina. 
Leave New York 6.00 P. M. ; sleeping car to Dan- 
ville. Leave Philadelphia 8.50 P. M., Baltimore 12.05 
P. M., Washington 2.10 A. M., Charlottesville 1.55 P.M. 
Arrive at Gordonsville 6.55 A. M., (breakfast). Arrive at 
Lynchburg 11.07 A. M. Arrive at Dundee (Danville 
Junction) 2.30 P. M., (dinner;) change. Take through 
sleeping car to Brunswick. Arrive 6.30 A. M. Leave 
via boat to Fernandina 7.00 A. M. Arrive at Fernandina 
11. A. M, Cars to Jacksonville. Arrive 2.15 P. M. 



94 

NEW YOKE AND SAYANNAH STEAMSHIP 

LINE. 

The Sea routes from New York to Savannah are com- 
posed of the most finely appointed steamers on the At- 
lantic coast, and comprise the following steamships : 

Gen. Barnes and Herman Livingston, sailing alter- 
nately, Tuesdays, from Pier 43 North River, at 3:00 p. m., 
GrEOEGE YojSTGE, Agent, 409 Broadway ; Magnolia and 
Rapidau, alternately, from Pier 16 East River, Thurs-. 
days, at 3:00 p. m., Murray, Ferris & Co., Agents ; 
San Salvador and San Jacinto, sailing Saturdays, alter- 
na'ely, from Pier 43 North River, George Yoi^ge, 
Agent, 409 Broadway, New York. 

From Savannah to Jacksonville, Inside Route. — The 
elegant, fast and Commodious ste imer J. B. Schuyler 
will leave Savannah twice a week for Jacksonville, making 
connections with New York and Savannah steamships, 
and aIjL Rail Routes both ways. 

Hunter & Gammell, Agents, Savannah, Ga. 

NEW YORK AND CHAELESTON STEAM- 
SHIP COMPANY'S LINE. 

Great Southern Freight and Passenger Route, via 
Charleston. Favorite Route to Florida. 

One of the follov/ing elegant and well-known Steam- 
ships is appointed to sail every Wednesday and 
Saturday, from Pier 29 North River, 3 p. m. : City of 
Atlanta, Capt. M. S. Woodhull. Cleopatra, Capt. 
Bulkley. Champion, Capt. R. W. Lockwood. G. W. 
Clyde, Capt. Ingrahm. 

The above steamers have been handsomely fitted up 
for the. convenience of passengers, and are unrivaled on 
the coast for Safety, Speed and Comfort. Excursion 
Tickets at reduced rates, apply to 
Bently D. Hazel, Gen'l Agt. 317 Broadway, N. Y. 

W. P. Clyde & Co., No. 6 Bowling Green. 
J W. QuiNTTARD & Co.. Agts., 177 West St., N. Y. 



95 



r\-\n 



PIEDMOITT Am LINE. 

ROUTE No. 1. 
All Bail via Riclimond, Charlotte and Atlanta. 



ONLY 68 HOURS, NEW YORK TO JACKSONVILLE. 

Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars, and First-Class 

Passenger Cars run Tlirougli, 

New York to Riohmond withont Change- 

PALACE SLEEPING CARS. 



This route now offers the most comfortable arrangements and 
and Perfect Schedules, with through cars, &c., that has ever been 
enjoyed by visitors to Florida and the South. 

EQUIPMENT NEW and FIRST-CLASS in all its appoint- 
ments. 

PALACE SLEEPING and PARLOR CARS, and SUPERB 
DAY COxlCHES, with all modern improvements, Automatic 
Air Brakes, &c. 

Practically, but one change of cars Nev/ York to New Orleans, 
Jacksonville, or xlugusta. 

EXCURSION TICKETS 

Via this Route to Jacksonville good to return on till May 31st, 

1877, at greatly reduced rates. 

ROUTE No. 2. 
All Bail via Riclimond, Charlotte and ColumMa. 

Leave New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington and 
Richmond as in Sciiedule Route No. 1. Arrive at Salisbury 7:55 
p. M. — Supper — and leave at 8:15 P. m., in through Sleeping Car 
to Augusta without change. Arrive at Columbia 5 :10 a. m. Ar- 
rive at Graniteville 8:14 a. m. Arrive at Aiken 9:30 a.m. Arrive 
at Augusta 9 :00 a. iviArrive at Savannah 4 :30 p. m. , via Fort Roy- 
al R.R., via the Central R.R. of Georgia, at 5:25 p.m. Leave 
Savannah at 4:45 p.m., with Through Sleeping Cars, without 
change, and arrive at Jacksonville at 10:55 a.m., only 64 Hours , 
New York to Jacksonville. 

Be sure and get your Tickets via Richmond, Greensboro' and 
Atlanta. 

Gen. Eastern Passenger Agent, 9 A^tor House. 
J. R. MACMURDO, 

Gen. Passenger Agent, Richmond, Va. 



the: 





ALL RAIL ROUTE TO 



Gh,arleston, Savannah^ Jacksonville: 



AND ALL POINTS IN 



-VIA- 



Wk^l|iH^tor\, ^idl:\ir|or((i & Wiliiqin^ton 



The Transportation arrangements of this Line for the Fall anrl Winter business 
of 1876-7 have been perfected witti reference to the requisite accommo- 
dation in a flrst-class manner of all bouthern-bound travel. 

Double Daily Trains are run between 

Washington and Jacksonville via Charleston^ 

Giving close connections with all lines North thereof. 

And the Schedule Time between NEW YORK and CHARLES- 
TON has been quickened to an extent never before attempted. 

Through Pullman Sleeping Cars and Atlantic 
Coast Line Parlor Cars, 

Arejran betw^een all prominent points on this route, and in such unbroken 
manner as commends the line above all olhers to invalids and families. 

Baggage Checked Through. Tickets Good Until Used, 

With privilege of stopping off at all terminal points. 
THBOUGH TICKETS 

Sold throughout the East to all points South via this line and all information 
• given at the principal Railroad offices, North and South. 

JONAH H. WHITE, Southern Passenger Agent. 

General Office, Ho. 229 Broadway^ New York^ 

Wi^l answer all communications addressed to him. 



W. J. WAL.KER, 

General Agent. 



.i^ 



I^ O X^ E , 
Gen. Pass. & Ticket Agent 



FAVORITE FLORIDA ROUTE 

VIA 

Baltimore, Portsmouth and Wilmington, 

Popularly known to the traveling public as the 



Mm MMigWW^fSU)) "MTMmm 



Persons visiting FLORIDA should rememher that the 

Maw Idimm of g^^Mi^iiMms 

Is one of the oldest and hest managed lines in the South. The steamers of 
this Line are the Largest, Fastest and Most Elegant South o/ New York. 

LEAVING DAILY (Sunday Excepted) 

on the arrival of the Morning Train from 
and noon train from 



^5 

A Section of the Steamers with State Rooms, Berths, &c., is reserved ex- 
clusively for Ladies and Children traveling alone. 

Passengers arrive at 

I=> 1=1. T S ]VE O XJ T HE 

In time to take the through train to 

Wilmington (Without Change,) 

Connecting with 

PULLMAN PALACE SLEEPING- CARS 

roB 

mwjMiMiiiiiigr /Alia ^^ HTMiff d^iin ,ii 



Connecting at both the above points with throught trains for 

Savannah and all Points in Florida. 

The Meals furnished are unequalled: having access to the markets of Balti- 
more and Norfolk, unquestionably the best in the country. 

HW Supper and Breakfast and an entire Night's Kest on the 
Bay Lina Steamers, 

Baggage Checked Through to all the principal points. 

Persons returning north will find Schedule, &c., &c., equally as perfect as 

going south. 

Tickets good until nsed, with the privilege of stopping over at all 
Terminal Points, can be obtained at all Principal Ticket Ofllces, North and 
South. Schedules giving time and all necessary information can be obtained 
wherever Through Tickets are sold. 

W.J.WALKER, EMMET BROWN, 

General Passenger Agent. General Ticket Agent. 

H. V. TOMPKINS, Southern Passenger Agent. 
9T 



"Fhe Atlantic «£ Gulf 

FREIGHT AND PASSENGER LINE 

VIA SAVANNAH, GA., TO ALL POINTS IN 

Florida, Soutliern and Middle Georgia, 

FLINT, APALACHICOLA AND CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVERS, 

Fast Freight Express, via Savannah Steamships, to Savan- 
nah, Ga., and Atlantic & Gulf; Macon & Brunswick ; 
Jacksonville, Pensacola & Mobile Rail Roads. 

AND CONNECTING LINES. 

Pullman's Palace Sleeping Cars on all Night Trains* 
TWO TRAIKS DAILY FROM SAVANNAH 

to JACKSONVILLE, connecting with Steamers on ST. JOHN'S EIVER, for 

St, Augustine, Palatka, Green Cove Springs, Hibernia, Orange 

Mills, Enterprise, etc., etc. 

Shippers are requested to mark all packages— "Care of ATLANTIC AND 
GULP R. R. Agent, SAVANNAH, Ga.," and to so state it on Ship's Receipt 
and Bill of Lading. 

Freight Received and Through Bills of Lading issued by Agents of the Line as 
follows: 

BOSTON TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

DIRECT— The Steamers SEMINOLE and SOMERSET leave on the 10th, 20th 

and 30th of each month, F. NICKERSON & CO. , Agents, 205 State St. , Boston 

A. M. BOCK, General Agent, Jacksonville, Fla. 

BOSTON via NEW YORK TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

Ship daily, via of BOSTON, AND PROVIDENCE R. R. and PROVIDENCE 
AND NEW YORK STEAMSHIP CO., or OLD COLONY R. R. 

GEO. C. MORRILL, Agent, 77 Washington St., Boston. 

NEW YORK TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

THKBE DEPARTURES PER WEEK 

Ships Rapidan and Magnolia, Sailing Thursdays from Pier 16 East River. 
Office, Nos. 60 and 62 South Street. 

Ships San Salvador, San Jacinto, Herman Livingston, and General Barnes, 
Sailing Thursdays and Saturdays, from Pier 43 North River. Office, No. 409 
Broadway. New York. 

PHILADELPHIA TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

The PHILADELPHIA AND SOUTHERN STEAMSHIP CO. despatch one 
of their Steamers, Wyoming or Juniata, every Saturday. Returning, leave 
Savannah same day. W. L. James, Agent, 46 South Delaware Ave., Phila, 

BALTIMORE TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

The AMERICA, SARAGOSSA AND NORTH POINT, leave on 10th, 20th 
and 30th of each month. A. L. HUGGINS, Long Dock Wharf, Baltimore. 

Information given and tickets sold to all points in Florida, in connection with 
the "Atlantic and Gulf RaUway," C. D, OWENS, Gen'l Ag't, 315 Broadway, N.Y 

98 



For Plorida, and all Points South and South-West. 
THE aREAT^'sOUTHERN 




— VIA— 

New York and Savannah Steamship Line. 

One of the following first-class side-wheel steamships will sail 
as follows, punctually, at 3 o'clock, p. m. : 

EVERY TUESDAY— H. LIVINGSTON, Capt. Mallory; 
or GEN. BAENES, Capt. Cheeseman, from Pier 43 North 
River. George Yonge, Agent, 409 Broadway. 

EVERY THURSDAY.— MAGNOLIA, Capt. Daggett; or 
RAPIDAN, Capt. Kempton, from Pier 16 East River, foot 
of Wall St. Murray, Ferris & Co. , Agents, 62 South St. 

EVERY SATURDAY.— SAN SALVADOR, Capt. Nicker- 
son; or SAN JACINTO, Capt. Hazard, from Pier 43 
North River. George Yonge, Agent, 409 Broadway. 

Connecting at Savannali, Ga., with CENTMAI. ICAIEiKOAH. 

Two trains daily for all points in Middle, North, and South-West Georgia, 
Alabama, Mississippi. Tennessee and Louisiana, and with the ATLj ANTIC 
AN» OUIiF liAIIiROA®, to all points in Florida, tSouthern and Mid- 
dle Georgia, and with steamers in the Chattahoochee River. Two fast trains 
daily between Savannah and Jacksonville, Fla. Pullman's Palace Sleeping 
Cars and elegant Parlor Coaches attached to both trains. 

Tickets for St. Joh7i's Riiier and St. Augustine also good by Steam- 
boats from Savannah, 

These fine steamers, on this favorite line of travel to the South are newly 
and handsomely fitted up for the comfort and convenience of passengers; 
have large carrying capacity; and are of sufficient light draft of water to insure 
no detetition in the Savannah River. 

Families en route for Florida, Georgia Alabama, and even as far New 
Orleans will find the Savannah route the most enjoyable, for comfort as well 
as saving in expense. 

The Florida Steamers leave Savannah three days in the week, for all points 
on the coast. 

Through Bills of Ladmg given for freights to all point'^ in Florida, Geor- 
gia, Alabama, and Tennessee. Rates and Classifications will be furnished 
by the undersigned: 

Shippers may feel assured of no delay to their goods in being forwarded, 
and as the increase of trade demands, additional steamers, equally suitable to 
all the requirements, will be placed on the route. 

Goods forwarded through New York and Savannah Free of Commission, 

Freight received daily at the Covered Pier 43 Nortli River, and 
Pier 16 East River. 

For Freight or passage by ships sailing on Thursdays, from Pier 16 East 
River, apply to 

MURRAY, FERRIS & CO., Agents, 62 South St. 

For Freight or Passage by ships sailing from Pier i:i North Riiffer, on 
Tuesdays and Saturdays, apply to 

OEORGE YONGE, Agent :09 Broadway. 

99 



NEW LINK TO & FROM FLORIDA. 

¥1© i«aii©rlasi Btmto. 



Comfort, Speed and Attraetimness GomUned. Ihe Shortest Line to 

and from Jacksonmlle. New Fast Double Daily 

Line to and from Florida. 



The Macon & Brunswick R. R. , in connection with the At- 
lantic, Gulf & West India Transit Co. will open, on and after 
December 1st, 1876, a new line to and from Florida, by way of 
Macon, Jesup, Brunswick, Fernandina, Baldwin and Jackson- 
ville. The steamer between Brunswick and Fernandina is first- 
class in all her appointments, and the run is all daylight or 
comparatively early evening. 

The table on the boat will be unsurpassed and " « la carte.'" 
The navigation is entirely inland along the attractive sea island, 
and sometimes in view of the ocean. Time on the steamer, 
between three and four hours. The connections at Atlanta, 
Augusta and Macon are complete. Fare same as by any other 
route. Baggage checked through, or checks exchanged by bag- 
gage masters, without disturbance to the passengers. The change 
from an all rail trip to and from Florida to one with above 
amount of water, will, it is believed, afford rest, refreshment and 
attractiveness. Where one, however, prefers all rail, the other 
route to and from Florida, via Macon, Jesup, Live Oak and 
Jacksonville is open to them. ISTo change of cars between Fer- 
nandina and Jacksonville. The Cumberland Route is, as between 
the common points Jesup and Jacksonville, fifty-eight miles 
shorter than any other route, and as between the common points 
Jacksonville, Florida and Kashville, Tennessee, is forty-six miles 
the shortest. Palace Sleeping Cars on all night trains. 

Straight, Excursion and Tourists' Tickets on sale at all 
principal ticket offices. Ask for tickets by the Cumberland 
Route, and take no other. For schedules and further particulars 
see small bills, or address either 

H. IHT. ©KANE, G. T. & P. Aet. M. & B. R. R., Macon, Ga. 

A. Oi?MacI>oneSI, G. T. Agt, A. G. & Wt. In. I. Co., Fernandina. Fla, 

€apt. A. A. SHARP, Gen. Traveling Agt., Jacksonville, FJa. 

100 



El "W IR. O XJT 



TO AND FROM 



-VIA — 



i lillllil Mil 



it 



OF STEAMERS 

AND THE 

Atlantic Goast Line of Railways. 

Elegant Side-Wheel Passenger Steamers. 

OLD DOi^il^iOl^y " - - 2222 Tons. 
WYANOKE, - - - - 2067 

BSAAC BELL, ... - leOO 

The Steamers are the largest and most comfortable sailing out of New York, 

Leaving Pier 37 Noth River, Foot of Beach Street, 

EVERY TUESDAY, THURSDAY AND SATURDAY, 

At 3 O'clock, P. M. 
Tlae Steaixiers Leave iN^OR-IT'OIl.K: 

EVERY MONDAY, WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY, 

At 7:80 P. M., on the arrival of the southern trains. 

Only 26 liours Sea Voyage by this line, avoiding exposure along 
the Coast of Cape Hatteras, &c. Time through from all Points South 
and Southwest to New York, within 4 hours of all the Rail Routes. 

Tickets by this Route include Meals and State Room accommodations on 

BAGGAGE CHECKED THROUGH. 

For Tickets, Time Cards, and full information apply at 

OLD BOMIMIOM S. S. OO.^ 

197 G^RKE^STTT^ICH STi?.E;ET, 

Or 229 Broadway. 

ATLANTIC COAST LINE. 

A. POPE, W. H. STANFORD, 

Gen. Pass. Agt. Atlantic Coast Line. Sec'y O. D. S. S. CO. 

101 



EXCURSION TICKETS 

TO FLORIDA. 

ARE NOW ON SALE, EXCLUSIVELY, BY THE 

Virginia Midland Road 



AN© ITS CONNECTIONS, 



Giving tlie passenger tlie option of going by Lynch- 
burg, Knoxville, and Atlanta^ or by Danville, Charlotte, 
Atlanta, and Macon. 

These Tickets can also be nsed either by rail from 
Jesnp, G-a., to Jacksonville, or by water from Bruns- 
wick, Ga., to Fernandina (the new Cumberland Eoute.) 

The Virgma Midland 

Offers the greatest variety of " straight " tickets to 
Florida and all Southern points. 

Palace Cars through from Boston to Danville, from 
Washington to Atlanta, from Danville to Brunswick, 
and from Atlanta to Jacksonville. 

Quick time — Close connections. Trains double 
daily over most of the distance. 

Purchase tickets by the Virg^inia midland. 



Gen'l Eastern Agent, 

315 Broadway, New York. 

102 



the: 

PEEFERRED ROUTE TO FLORIDA 

IS YIA THE 






FROM 

SAVANNAH, JESUP, OE ALBANY, QA. 

Avoiding sea -sickness and the detention of Steamer Lines 
at the John's River Bar. 



Two Fast Trains Daily between Savannah & Jacksonville. 

Leave Savannah 8:30 A.M. (Sundays excepted). 

AuRivB Jacksonville 10:10 P.M. " " 

Leave Savannah 4:45 P.M. Daily. 

AmirvE Jacksonville 11:00 A.M. " 
Tallahassee 8:35 A.M. " 



The Morning Train from Savannah connects with all Northern 
Trains, and with the M. & B. R. R. Train at Jesup, 

The Evening Train connects with Northern Trains via Au- 
gusta and Yemassee only. 

Lucas Drawing Room Cars , especially arranged for the conve- 
nience of invalids, are attached to the Day Trains. Also through 
Pullman Sleeping Cars from Louisville, Ky., to Jacksonville via 
Jesup. 

The 4:45 P.M. Train makes close connection with Steamers on 
St. John's River. 

No omnibus transfer between the Savannah & Charleston and 
A. & Gr. Railroads at Savannah. 

Good Eating Houses at regular intervals. 

For further information apply to 

GEO. S. HAINES, 

General Ticket Agents 

SAVANNAH, GA. 
C D. OWENS, 

General Agent, 
315 Broadway, New York. 

103 



Boston & New York Air Line E. E. 

VIA NEW HATBN, MIDDLBTOWN AND WILLIMANTIC. 
TUB] 



Between NEW YORK and 
MIDDLETOWN, WILLIMANTIC, LOWELL, NASHUA, 
WORCESTER, Ti/\rim/\'kT ^O^'^I^^^D, 
FITCHBURG, HI |!S I | I l\| AUGUSTA, 
CONCORD, Ajf\JKJ ^XJA.'n BANGOR, ETC. 

SECURE YOUR TICKETS VIA AIR LINE R. R, 

NEV; YORK DEPOT, Grand Central Depot, 42d St. and 4th Ave. 

J". E. li*OSTER, Gen'l Pass, Ag't, 347 Broadway, N. Y. 

"W. H. TUMNER, Supt., New Haven, Ct. 

WINTER RESORT, 

FEei^ANDir^A, FLA. 





II 








Acoommodation for 150 Guests. 

With a shell road to the finest beach on the Atlantic 
coast, making a drive of twenty miles, and water for 
sailing and fishing, and a clear, brilliant climate. 

rmMmAmmMMA 

stands Unrivalled as a Eesort for Sportsmen 
and Yachtsmen. 

Ladies will also find a luxurious winter home in the 
- midst of an orange grove and the rarest roses. 



Table Furnished from the New York Market 

BY ste^m:krs. 
M. W. DOWNIE, Proprietor. 



104 



QUICK DISPATOH, SAFETY & COMFORT. 




TtiE 






ew Orleans, Florida and Havaiii 



STEAMSHIP CO. 



Will diepatch one of their first-class U. S. Mail Steamers from New Orleans 

and Havana 

EVEEY WEDHESBAY, 

Touching at Cedar Keys and Key West, and connecting with Steamers for 
Apalachicola, St. Mark's, Tampa, and the Suwanee River. 

These Steamers are first-class— have good passenger accommodations— are 
kept in good condition, and are commanded hy careful and experienced offi- 
cers, who make every effort for the safety, comfort and pleasure of travelers. 

The advantages to travelers seeking safety, comfort and pleasure on a 
steamship, are apparent in selecting this route, as rough sea is almost un- 
known in these waters. 

RATES OF FIRST-CLASS PASSAGE. 



New Orleans 
Cedar Keys.. 

Tampa 

Key West 

Havana 

Jacksonville . 
Fernandina.. 
Charleston . . 
Savannah 



New 


Cedar 


Tam- 


Key 


Ha- 


Jack- 


Fer- 


Char- 


Orl'ns 


Keys. 

$25 


pa 


West. 


vana. 


s'n'ill' 


n'n'i'a 


leston 


$35 


|40 


$40 


$31 


$31 


$35 


$25 




10 


20 


•25 








35 


10 




25 


35 


18 


ie 


25 


40 


20 


25 




12 


26 


26 


32 


40 


25 


35 


12 




26 


26 


35 


31 




16 


26 


26 








31 




16 


26 


26 








35 






32 


35 








35 






32 


35 









Sa-' 



25 
32 

35 



For further information apply to 

Atlantic, Gulf & West India Transit Company Fernandina. Fla. 

Florida Central Railroad Co Jacksonville, " 

E. J. Lutterloh Cedar Keys, " 

Miller & Henderson Tampa, " 

Jno. Jay Philbrick Key West, " 

Ravenel & Co Charleston, S . C 

Agents Florida Steam Packet Co Savannah, Ga. 

Lawlon Bros., 13 Mercaderes Street Havana, Caba. 

I. K. ROBERTS, 

120 €oiiiinou St., Ne^v Orleans, I^a» 

105 



feTSMiml & ilmrteiiti 

ONIiY ROUTE THROUGH CITY OF SAVANNAH HAV- 
ING NO OMNIBUS TRANSFER. 



Shortest, Most Comfortable, and Only Direct 
Route to ALL POINTSdN FLORIDA. 



Miles Shorter tliaii any other Route. 

Double Daily Trains, Carrying the U.. 

S. Mails. 



PULLI^AN CARS O^ THE ENTIRE ROUTE 



S. C. BOVLiSTON, C. S. GADSBEN, 

G. F. & T. Agent. General Superintendent. 



St Joliifs Ri^er Schedule. 



BEOCK & COXETTER'S DAILY LINE. 



THROUGH STEAMERS THROUGH STEAMERS 

Daily except Sunday. Daily except Sunday. 

Leave Jacksonville. .11 :00 a.m. Leave St. Augustine.. 5:00 a.m. 

AmveTocoi 3:20 p.m. " Palatka 6:00 p.m. 

Leave " 3:25 " " St. Augustine. 4:45 " 

Amve St. Augustine. 4:15 " " Tocoi-. 7:30 " 

" Palatka 6:30 '' Am ve Jacksonville.. 11:00 " 

" Enterprise (next day) 10:00 a.m. 

WAY STEAMERS. WAY STEAMERS. 

Daily Except Sunday. Daily Exeept Simday. 

Leave Jacksonville . . . 2 :00 p.m. Leave Palatka 7 :00 a.m 

Arrive Tocoi 5 :30 * ' " St. Augustine. . 7 :55 ' ' 

" St. Augustine.. 8:15 '' " Tocoi 8:20 " 

** Palatka 7:30 " Arrive Jacksonville., 13:30 p. m 

106 



THE I^MAGNOLIA 

Passenger Route. 

—VIA— 

AUGUSTA &1PORT ROYAL R. R. 

—TO— 

SATAIAH, Mi FLORIDA, 

TME OIVIiY lilNEyia Augusta connecting witii 
the ATLANTIC & GULF EAILROAD at Sayannab, 
avoiding the long, tedious and well-known omnibus 
transfer through that city. 

THli: ONLY lilNE via Augusta offering Close 
Double Daily All Rail Connections between Augusta and 
Jacksonville, Florida. 

THE OiiriiY lilNE via Augusta running P^^?Z- 
man Palace Sleeping Cars between Augusta and Savan- 
nah, Gra. 

THE ONIiY lilME via Augusta, running 
Through Day Coaches between Augusta and Savannah, 
Ga., thus avoiding disagreeable changes, at midway sta- 
tions, incident to other lines. 

Passengers by the following favorite routes to Savan- 
nah, Ga., and Florida — Atlantic Coast ff^ine^ 
Piedmont Air Line, Virginia midland 
Route — will please see that their tickets read **via 
Augusta and Yemassee." 

Baggage Checked through and Tickets on Sale 

at all Offices where those of the Pennsylvania and 
Baltimore & Ohio Eailroads are sold. 
Further information given upon application to 

T. S. DAVANT/^ 

General Freight and Pass. Agent, 

AXJOXJSTA, OA. 
R. H. THAYER, Gen'S Ag't, 

263 Broadway, New York. 

107 



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® 



A FAMOUS WINTER RESORT. 

ROYAIi VICTOItIA HOTEL.. 




1 



FIRST-CLASS MAIL AND PASSENGER STEAMSHIPS 

Under contract with the Bahamas Government, leave 



EVERY TEN DAYS. 

Making close connections at SaTaniiali with First- 
Class Steamers to and from New York, or by Rail 
to all parts of the country, thus giving the option of a 
short sea voyage to or from Savannah, or a longer 
voyage to or from New York; also affording to 
invalids seeking a more equaMe climate than 
Florida can offer, Nassau is particularly recommended, 
where the temperature never falls below 64^ 
Fahrenheit, nor rises above 82®, and where the 
variation does not exceed 5® in 24 hours. 

For Illustrated Nassau Guides and Schedules 
giving full particulars, address, 

MURRAY, FERRIS & CO., Or HUNTER & GAMMELL, 

62 South St., N. Y. Savannah, Ga. 

G-, LEVE, Gen'i Passenger Agent, 202 St. James"^t. Montreal, Canada. 
A. M. BOCK, General Agent, Jacksonville, Fla. 

110 




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Q 



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uc:>:^:f=oil=ii:, Trjt^ 



R. S. DODSON, - - - Proprietor 
Board, - - $9. 5 O and $3.00 per Bay 

And Liberal Arrangements by the Week or Month. 




cc^ 



»5? «^ 




WILMINGTON, N. C. 



J". T\.. ID.i^'VIS, 



U» 




CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAHOLINA. 

This well-known and popular first class Hotel, situated in the centre 
of the city, and also in the centre of the Wholesale Business Houses, 
affords facilities, comfort, and attention to travellers for pleasure and 
merchants on business, second to none in the United States 

Having been recently thoroughly repaired and newly furnished 
throughout, the Proprietors pledge themselves to spare no pains in the 
management to maintain the high reputation heretofore enjoyed by the 
old '• CHARLESTON " as a first-class house. 

E. E. JAOKSOH U 00., Proprietors. 



ALTAMAHA HOTEL, 

This well-known Hotel, at the Junction of the Atlantic Gulf 
and Macon and Brunswick Railroads, has passed under the con- 
trol of the A. & G. R. R. Co. , and under the management of Mr. 
W. G. Norwood, for the past three years manager of the Screven 
House, Savannah, Ga. 

Board by the week or month can be obtained on reasonable 
terms, upon application to the Manager. All passenger trains on 
both roads stop here, and allow ample time for meals. • 



118 



PATUItH lOf ill 



G. T. ALFORD & CO., 




On and after tlie 17tli day of October, 1876, the transient rate of 
this well known house will be reduced to suit the times. Board from 
$2.50 to $3 per day, according to location of rooms. This Hotel has 
recently been renovated and repainted, and no pains shall be spared 
to make our guests comfortable and happy. All transfer coupons 
taken by omnibuses of Pavilion Hotel. 




MARSHALL HOUSE, SAVAHNAH, GA. 

Tlie only Perfect Edifice in tlie City Originally 
Built for Hotel Purposes. 

It is of modern style of construction, and possesses all the ap- 
pointments of a first-class establishment, embracing a ciiisine of 
superlative excellence, offering superior accommodations at rates 
reduced to Tiiree Dollars Per Day. 



A. B. LUOE, Proprietor. 



114 



«JfN]' 



f II 101 






SAVANNAH, GA 




R. BRADLEY, Proprietor. 




Rates, 83. 00, per Day. 
Special arrangements by the week or month. 

GEO. McGINLY, Proprietor. 



115 




116 



ARLETON HOUSE, 

Jacksonville Florida. 



PROPRIETORS 




The above cut represents tkis spacious, new brick hotel, 3 ust completed 
S.S in ewy room; Laundry and Bath Rooms. The house is Provided 
ith Crei^iton's Or^l Enunciator, an Elevator, and is thoroughly finished 
A rouffhout in first-class style. . j. 

^ The house has been built with especial reference to egress mease of 
^'e, having also stand pipes with line of hose on each floor connected with 

%'hrcuisine department has all the modern improvements and is under 
.arge of a competent person who has had long experience m a leading 
3sto» hotel, The is to be kept first-class in every respect, 



TREMONT HOUSE. 




WASHINGTON, D, 0. 
Has been Enlarged to accommodate 300 Guests. 

Is newly farnislied tliroughout with Superior Furniture, and 
kept in every respect as a First-Class Hotel. 

Our Motto : A Full House at a Moderate Price. 

Terms, $2.50 per Day. 

The Proprietor runs his own omnibuses to all trains 
and steamboats, and will carry the guests to the house 
free of charge. F . P . HILL. 

A WINTER RESORT. 

Palaika, Florida, on the St John's River. 

Is an entirely new Hotel, has large rooms, high Ceilings and 
Perfect Ventilation; is lighted with gas; has electric Bells and 
Wardrobes in every room ; the sleeping Rooms are handsomely 
furnished throughout ; the table is equal to any in the country. 
Accommodation for 250 guests. Open December 20th, 1876, 

liARKIN & MORRIS, Proprietors, 

118 



ST. AUCUSTIPSE, FLORflDA. 

W. W. PALMER, Proprietor, 
Greatly repaired during the past Summer. 



St, Augustine Florida, 

E' U' VjlILL, Frojoriefor. 






W^'^^^^' '^^'' ^^^^ ^^^s> ^ 



iAT WIMW 



'Q^'wm. 



BRUNSWICK, G-A. 
L. N. CLARK, Proprietor, 

Of Mansion House Rochland Lake, JY- Y, 




J. L. SCOTT, Masiager. 



PALATKA, FLORIDA. 

F. H. Q RVIS. Prop. 



JACKSONVBLLE9 FLORIDA. 

Q-ould & Co., Props. 



KSmrai tBBEKHBSn^ 



maaaeat^^atiQ^sBi^ETcraaeHB^iEBnH 



AUGUSTA, CA. 

Thos. M. Binford, John W. Cameron, 

Chief Clerk. Proprietor, 



U9 



IXsTIDIE]:^ 



-v«- 



Historic Sketch 3 

Geography. . 7 

A Palmetto Tree. (Engraving) 9 

Climate and Production 10 

Thermometer Range 11 

Population, Social and Political Con- 
dition 13 

Florida for Pleasure Seekers 16 

St. Augustine. (Engraving) 17 

Florida, for Invalids 19 

Florida tor Immigrants 22 

Sketch of Charleston, S. C 25 

Sketch of Savannah, Ga 29 

Points of Interest on the Atlantic 

and Gulf R R 33 

Points of Interest on the Florida 

Branch R. R , 41 

Points of Interest on the Albany 

Branch R. R 42 

Points of Interest in Northern 

Florida . 44 

Points of Interest in Middle Florida 50 

The St. John's River 56 

Steamboats on St. John's River 57 

Jacksonville 58 

Schedule of the Steamer Hampton. . 62 
'J'he Attractive Points on the St. 

John's 62 to 69 

St. Augustine 69 

Fort Marion. (Engraving) 71 

Western Florida 74 

Southern Florida 76 

Steamers to Jacksonville and Enter- 
prise 81 

Fortress Monroe, Hampton Roads, 

etc 82 

Aiken, S. C 84 

Wilmington, N. C 86 

Purcell House 87 

How to get to Florida, (Schedules). . 88 

Atlantic Coast Lines 88, 89, 90 

Bay Line Steamers 90 

Old Dominion Steamers 91 

Jacksonville to Crescent City 91 

Peidmont Air Line 92 



Virginia Midland Route 

N. Y. & Savannah Steamers l| 

N. Y. & Charleston Steamers S 

Advertisements, Peidmont Air Line i 

Atlantic Coast Line Railways £ 

Bay Line Steamers S 

Atlantic and Gulf Railroad 9 

N. Y. and Savannah Steamers 9 

The Cumberland Route 10 

Old Dominion Steamship Line... 10 

Virginia Midland Route 10 

Atlantic and Gulf Railroad 10 

Boston and New York Air Line 10 

Mansion House, Fernandina 10 

New Orleans, Florida & Havana S.S, 

CorapaTiy 10 

Brock & Coxetter's Line of Steam- 
ers lOi 

Savannah and Charleston Railroad. lOi 
The Magnolia Passenger Route . . 10') 
The Hygeia Hotel, Old Point Com- 
fort, Va 108-10J 

Royal Victoria Hotel, Nassau, N. P 

Bahamas IK 

Nassau Steamers IK 

Highland Park Hotel, Aiken, S. C. . .Ill 
Arlantic Hotel, Norfolk, Va. . . 
Charleston Hotel, Charleston, S C 
Altamaha Hotel, Jesup, Ga ... 
Pavilion Hotel, Charleston, S. C. 

Marshall House, Savani ah, Ga 114 

Screven House, Savannah, Ga 11.' 

Grand National, Jacksonville, Fia..ll.^. 
St. James' Hotel, Jacksonville, Fla. .lit 
Carleton House, Jacksonville, FIa..ll7 

'i'remont House, Washington D. C..11S 
Larkin House 118 

Magnolia Hotel, St. Augustine 119 

St. Augustine Hotel, St. Augustine. 119 

Marion House, St. Augustine 119 

Bay View House, Brunswick, Ga 119 

J. L.Scott, Boarding Establishment. 119 

Put man House, Palatka, Fla 119 

Wmdsor Hotel. Jacksonville, Fla. . .119 

Globe Hotel, Augusta, Ga — 11Q 



1 



.lis 
.IK 

lis 

114 



J«0 



THE 

AlliitJ© 0@iit , lliijj 

THE DIRECT PASSENGER ROUTE BETWEEN THE 

Offers Double Dail}^ All Kail C-onnection via 

CHARLESTON, f MIN&TON AND EICHMOND. 

DAILY ALL RAIL, VIA 

DAILY ALL KAIL TO 

IV O IMT' C> I^ !£ 

By eitlier of the above routes, thence the magniiicent 

BAY LINE STEAMERS TO BALTIMORE 

THENCE RAIL TO NEW YORK. 



GLD DOMINION LINE OF STEAMSHIPS 



PULLMAN PALACE SLEEPING COACHES 

ARE RUN ON" NIGHT TRAINS. 

All Travelers and Tourists Returning; from Florida, 

are invited to examine the advantages 

of tliis liine. 



No other Eoute offers such a variety of connections as 

THE OLD RELIABLE ^'WILMINGTON ROUTE." 

Baggage Checked Through. Tickets Good Until Used. 

Passengers going North from Florida Mill do well to consider the above men- 
tiohed facts before purchasing their tickets. Be pakticulak to ask for same 

S^^°VIA WILMINGTON=^^ 
THRO UGllE TICKETS Sold to All Points North by this line. 
Fou Price of TicivEts and Schedule of Trains see Small Bills, which 
can be obtained at all Ticket Otiices \viicre Through Tickets are sold. 



W. J. WALKER, J. H. WHITE, A. POPE, 

Gen'l Agent. Southern Pass. Agent. Gen'l Pass, & Tick't Agt 



THE 



Atlantic Coast Line of Eailways. 



ALL RAIL ROUTE TO 



Charleston, Savannah, Jacksonville, 

AND ALL POINTS IN 
— VIA— 

'I'ho Transportation arr .ngements of this Line for the Fall anr] Winter business 

of 187i>-7 have been perfected, witn reference to the requisite accomrao- 

datioh in aflrst-class manner of all bouthern-bound travel. 

Double Daily Trains are run between 

Washington and Jacksonville via Charleston, 

Giving close connections with all lines North thereof. 

And the Schedule Time between NEW YORK and CilAELES- 
TON has beeii quickened to an extent never before attempted. 

Through Pullman Sleeping Cars and Atlantic 
Coast Line Parlor Cars, 

Are run between all prominent points on this route, and in such unbroken 
manner as commends the line above all others to invalids and families. 

Baggage Checked Through. Tickets Good Until Used, 

With privilege of stopping off at all terminal points. 

THROUGH TICKETS 

Sold throughout the Eaet to all points South via this line and all informati n 
given at the principal Railroad offices, North and Soulh. 

JONAH H. WHITE, Southern Passenger Agent. 

General Office, No. 229 Broadway, New York, 

Will answer all communications addressed to him. 



W. J. WALKER, ,^^ , I^ O I^ E , 

General Agent. Qen. Pass. & Ticket Agent 



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